Drugs with topical

administration in the oral

cavity area

 A. DRUGS FOR DISEASES OF

THE ORAL MUCOSA, RELATED TISSUES
OR DENTAL PATHOLOGY
B. DRUGS THAT ARE APPLIED TO
THE ORAL MUCOSA IN ORDER TO TREAT
DISEASES CORRESPONDING TO OTHER
AREAS OF THE BODY.

 A. DRUGS FOR DISEASES OF

THE ORAL MUCOSA, RELATED TISSUES
OR DENTAL PATHOLOGY

a)antiseptics
b)non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
c)local anesthetics
d)antibiotics
e)haemostatics

A) ANTISEPTICS

1. OXIDIZING AGENTS
2. HALOGENATED AGENTS
3. ACIDs
4. PHENOL DERIVATIVES
5. DETERGENTS
6. HEAVY METALS
7. HYDROXIDES (ALKALIS)
8. COLORING AGENTS
9. ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF PLANTS

A) ANTISEPTICS

1. OXIDIZING AGENTS

have antiseptic and haemostatic effects and are used as oralpharyngeal showers in stomatitis, angina and capillary bleeding.

1.a. Hydrogen peroxide

- Exhibits haemostatic effects
- It is administrated as oral showers in stomatitis,
gingivitis and non-severe oral mucosa bleeding.
- The concentration of the solutions is 1 to 3%.
1.b. Sodium and calcium perborates
- used to treat gingivitis and ulcerative necrotic
periodontitis.
1.c. Potassium permanganate

A) ANTISEPTICS

2. HALOGENATED AGENTS
2.a. Halogens:
2.a.a.Iodine:
- Tincture of iodine, Elemental iodine (Lugol solution), Iodoform, Betadine.
2.a.b.Chlorine:
- Calcium hypochlorite;
- Sodium hypochlorite (concentration 3 to 5% for removing organic debris),
Dakin solution;
- Chloramines.
2.a.c.Fluoride:
- Sodium fluoride in the form of solutions, varnishes and gels.
2.b. Halogenated agents:
CHLORHEXIDINE is active against Gram-positive and negative bacteria, fungi,
spores and viruses and disestablish the bacterial plaque.
Chlorhexidine has a plaque disclosing effect, it is not irritating, it can affect
taste and can produce the desquamation of mucosa.
Daily use of chlorhexidine 0.2% mouthwash significantly reduces dental
plaque.
Chlorhexidine is available in many dosage forms such as: mouthwash
(Corsodyl), lozenges (Trachisan - chlorhexidine + lidocaine, Hexoraletten chlorhexidine + benzocaine), gel (Plak out), pulverizer (Collustan),
periodontal pellets (Periochip ).

A) ANTISEPTICS

3. ACIDs
3.1.Boric acid
- weak antiseptic
- is used in the treatment of mouth
aphthae and ulcers;
3.2.Salicylic acid
- exhibits fungicidal, caustic and
keratolytic effects.

A) ANTISEPTICS
4. PHENOL DERIVATIVES
4.1. Phenol
- is included in Walkhoff solution which is used in
endodontics.
4.2. Cresol
4.3. Hexylresorcinol
4.4. Thymol
4.5. Eugenol
- is extracted from certain essential oils especially
from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil and bay leaf.
- It has antiseptic, revulsive and local anesthetic effects.
4.6 Hexetidine is an antiseptic included in the composition of
toothpastes and mouthwashes (HEXORAL - topical
solution: 1% or spray: 2%).

A) ANTISEPTICS
5. DETERGENTS
- Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) is
a detergent found in many personal care
products such as toothpaste;
- Benzalkonium chloride is a detergent and
quaternary ammonium compound with a broad
range of antimicrobial activity.

A) ANTISEPTICS
6. HEAVY METALS
-- inorganic silver salts: SILVER NITRATE
(solution 1 exhibits a strong bactericidal effect
and 10% solution is used to cauterize polyps or
necrosis of superficial tissue of the pus bags);
- colloidal silver compounds: COLARGOL,
PROTARGOL.

A) ANTISEPTICS
7. HYDROXIDES (ALKALIS)
- calcium

hydroxide enters in the composition of pastes

for root canal treatment

A) ANTISEPTICS
8. COLORING AGENTS
- exhibit weak bacteriostatic effect
- are used in prevention, as dental plaque revealer
revealed and in cariology to identify the altered
dentin.
- Gentian violet - dye which consists of a mixture
of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial and
antifungal properties.
- Acridine dyes (acriflavine, proflavine, euflavine,
rivanol);
- Azo-dyes and methylene blue.

A) ANTISEPTICS
9. ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF PLANTS
Romasulan (from chamomile flowers), Aftolizol
(extract of rose petals);
volatile oils (Voseptol);
Ambazone (Faringosept) is used as an antiseptic
especially in infections with Gram-positive bacteria.
Sanguinarine and bloodroot extract is a vegetal
product used in dentistry as a 0.2% solution for the
treatment of gingivitis and as anti-plaque agent.
Sanguinarine is a mixture of
benzophenanthride alkaloids extracted from rhizomes
ofSanguinariaCanadensis.

B) NON STEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS

it is used in gingivitis, stomatitis and some
periodontitis.
Examples: indomethacin , naproxen, benzydamine.
Benzydamide is an anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and
local analgesic agent with good penetration into
oropharyngeal tissues.
It is indicated in inflammation of the oropharyngeal
area: pharyngitis, tonsillitis, gingivitis, stomatitis,
periodontal disease, oral mucosal lesions of various
etiologies (prostheses, irradiation, and accidental
wounds due to dentistry treatments).

C) LOCAL ANESTHETICS

benzocaine (Dentocalm-gel)
lidocaine (Stomacaina-spray)
bupivacaine
mepivacaine.

D) ANTIBIOTICS
in sprays, mouth wash (gargle) solutions,
collutoriums, gels, dental cones, lozenges =
trochs.
There are also fibers with antibiotics for the
treatment of gum diseases.
Most commonly used: tetracyclines
(tetracycline, doxicycline, monocycline)
and metronidazol.

E) HAEMOSTATICS
in sponges, gels etc, are usually used in
order to stop or prevent haemorrhage
associated to diverse stomatology
procedures. Examples fibrin, thrombin,
vitamin K.

B. DRUGS THAT ARE APPLIED TO

THE ORAL MUCOSA IN ORDER TO TREAT
DISEASES CORRESPONDING TO OTHER AREAS
OF THE BODY.

SUBLINGUAL TABLETS (nitroglycerin,

isosorbid dinitrate, etc) for coronary
heart disease (avoidance of first pass
metabolism, rapid absorption).