Organizational

Behaviour

One head is better than two

heads in Arab countries
When the employees have to deal with two heads
they have to face the following challenges:
Employees are usually overloaded with work. They
have too much work to be done as each boss
treats the employee if he is only working for him.
Employees have competing demands they are not
sure that which bosss work should be given
preference or priority
Different bosses have different expectations and
methods of communication and there will be
unintentional conflicts.

One head is better than two

heads in Arab countries
When

there are two supervisors there is

friendly competition between the two but
also childish undercutting. This may also
slow down the employees progress.
There will be no team development due to
rivalry among the two heads.
Set targets and deadlines are not achieved
due to conflicts among the two bosses.

Examples
1.

2.

Brian Richards was assigned a full time project

by his manager Fred Taylor. Everything was
going smoothly then he was given another task
by Rumor his second boss. After that his
performance was declined.
Smith a writer in Forbes, told in her article that
her colleague who has to report to two editors.
Her colleague informed that often it is very
hard to work with two bosses. The bosses have
conflicting agenda about companys direction.

Creative and innovation at

workplace in Arab countries
Innovation

should be widely distributed

over the whole spectrum of economic
activity
Policies should be bottom up and not
top down
Policies should alter the balance
between innovations aim at rent
creation versus rent extraction

Creative and innovation at

workplace in Arab countries
There are many ways
by which those
principles may be
implemented. Here is
the focus on four
areas:

Skills
Incentives
Information, and
Availability of finance

Creative and innovation at

workplace in Arab countries
Basic

and advanced skills are required

Educational system (schools, colleges
and universities) should be responsive
to the needs of the market.
There is an urgent need to overcome
the mismatch between skills supplied
and skills demanded by firms (both
private and public)

Creative and innovation at

workplace in Arab countries
Potential

inventors and innovators

should be able to anticipate sufficiently
high rewards.
Intellectual property should therefore be
protected both in theory and practice.
Barriers to innovation should be low.
Inclusion and openness across firms,
sectors and geographical area should be
promoted.

Example 1

Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al

Maktoum, Vice President and
Prime Minister of the UAE,
launched a new strategy to make
the country one of the world's
most innovative within seven
years.
Announcing the National
Innovation Strategy, Sheikh
Mohammed said it would focus on
seven sectors - renewable energy,
transport, education, health,
technology, water and space.

Example 2
Sarah Wali returned to Cairo last year
after working in New Yorks media
industry with an idea to bring citizen
journalism to the region with an
online platform. "I was determined to
change the way people in the Middle
East consumed the news," Wali says.
Much of Walis early success is
because she so far has been able to
leap over some of the regular hurdles
facing innovators in the region: A lack
of access to capital, having a mentor
to help develop a proper business
plan, and gaining technical know-how
to develop her idea into a product.

How the Beliefs and values

influence employee behaviour?
Beliefs and Values affecting employee
behavior:
Following are the basic beliefs at Wal-Mart
influencing employee behaviour(Wal-Mart, 2015):
Providing service to the customers: the
employees are taught at Wal-Mart that they
should provide best service to everyone they
come in contact. Respect for individuals: For this
Wal-Mart value and recognize the contributions of
every employee in the organization. The culture
of decentralization is supported and every
employee is empowered to share the ideas and
information within the organization.

How the Beliefs and values influence

employee behaviour?
Striving for excellence: Wal-Mart
is striving to take it to next level
of success. For excellence WalMart is innovating the ideas,
trying new methods, is modeling
a positive example as they are
pursuing high standards, lastly
Wal-Mart is developing a culture
of working like a team so
everyone can help each other.
Be honest and work with integrity:
The employees should be honest
and work with integrity within the
organization. The employees
should be fair in their dealings.

How organizational culture

encourages workforce diversity?
The Vodafone Company encourages a culture which
includes the working environment in which the
employees with different cultural backgrounds are
respected. The company believe that workforce of the
organization should be a global footprint, which will help
to achieve a competitive advantage and also meet the
needs of diverse global customers. The unfair treatment
with any employee is not at all appreciated in the
organization.
The companys vision is to include different cultures with
respect and is able to make most out of the diversity of
the workforce. The company appreciates the job
applications from different cultural backgrounds. The
company wants to attract the global talent no matter
what is their cultural background.

Sources of Workforce Diversity

References
Gallo,

A. (2011). Managing Multiple Bosses. Harvard Business

Review. August Edition.
Neelay, T. (2014). Getting Cross Cultural Teamwork Right. Harvard
Business Review. September Issue.
Rooselvet, T,R. (2001). Elements of a successful diversity
process. The American Institute for Managing Diversity. Retrieved
31st March, 2016, from http://www. aimd.org/articles/elements.html.
Smith, J. (2012). How to work for more than one boss and stay
sane. Forbes. July Edition.
Vodafone. (2010).Human Rights. Retrieved 31 st March, 2016, from
http://www.vodafone.com/start/responsibility/employees/human_rig
hts.html.
Wal-Mart. (2015). Ethics and Integrity. Retrieved 31st March, 2016,
from http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/ethics-integrity