SURVEY FIELD

NOTES

GROUP N0 10
ALI RAZA
IRFAN ALI
ABU ZAR
FIAZ KHAN

UW-13-CE-Bsc-011
UW-13-CE-Bsc-003
UW-13-CE-Bsc-001
UW-13-CE-Bsc-053

Field Notes

an item in a systematic record of the

measurements made by a surveyor or the
observations of a researcher in the field
Field notes are the records of work done in
the field
They typically contain measurements ,
sketches , descriptions , and many other
items of miscellaneous information.

Field Notes

In the past, field notes were prepared

exclusively by hand lettering in
fieldbooks or special note pads as the
work progressed and data were
gathered
electronic field book

GENERAL REQUIREMENTs FOR

HANDWRITTEN FIELD NOTES

Accuracy This is the most important quality in all

surveying operations.
Integrity. A single omitted measurement or detail
can nullify use of the notes for computing or
plotting.If the project was far from the office,it is
time-consuming and expensive to return for a
missing measurement.Notes should be checked
carefully for completeness before leaving the survey
site .
Legibility Notes can be used only if they are
legible.A professional-lookingset of notes is likely to
be professional in quality

GENERAL REQUIREMENTs FOR

HANDWRITTEN FIELD NOTES

Arrangement Note forms appropriate to a

particular survey contribute to
accuracy,integrity,and legibility.
Clarity Advance planning and proper field
procedures are necessary to en-sure clarity of
sketches and tabulations,and to minimize the
possibility of mistakes and omissions.Avoid
crowding notes;paper is relatively cheap.Costly
mistakes in computing and drafting are the end
results of ambiguous notes

Distance Measurement

Pacing
Taping or Chaining
Perambulator
Electronic Distance
Measurement (EDM)

Levelling Important
Terms

Datum
A datum is any reference surface to
which the elevations of points are
referred. The most commonly used
datum is that of mean sea level (MSL).
Bench mark (BM)
It is a permanent fixed reference point of
known elevation and position.

Levelling Important
Terms

Reduced level (RL)

The RL of a point is its height above or below a reference datum.
It is also called as Elevation.

Back Sight (BS):

It is the staff reading taken at the point of known elevation (such
as BM). It is also the first staff reading after setting the instrument.
Fore Sight (FS):
It is the reading at a point after which the instrument is shifted
to another point. So it is the last reading at a setting.
Intermediate Sight (IS):
Any reading taken between BS and FS reading is called
Intermediate Sight (IS).

Levelling Important
Terms

Section: A section
comprises of one back
sight, one fore sight and all
the intermediate sights
taken from one instrument
set up within that section.
Thus the number of
sections is equal to the
number of set ups of the
instrument. (From A to B
for instrument position 1 is
section-1 and from B to C
for instrument position 2 is
section-2

Rise and fall method

In the rise and fall method, the rises and

the falls are found out for the points lying
within each section.
Adding or subtracting the rise or fall to or
from the reduced level of the backward
station obtains the level for a forward
station.

Rise and fall method

The computation can be cheeked

mathematically. It should hold the
following conditions.
(Sum of BS - Sum of FS) = (Sum of
rises - Sum of falls) = (Last Elevation First Elevation)
In this particular case, the result of all
calculations is 1.27

HI method

HI method

The calculation can be checked as

following.
(Sum of BS - Sum of FS) = (Last
Elevation - First Elevation)
In this particular example, the difference
value from both calculations is (-4.968).

Theodolite

Theodolite is used to
measure horizontal
and vertical angles

IMPORTANT TERMS
Face Right:
When the vertical circle of
theodolite is on the right of
observer, the position is
called face right and the
observation made is called
face right observation.
Face Left:
When the vertical circle of
theodolite is on the left of
observer, the position is
called face left and the
observation made is called
face left observation

HORIZONTAL ANGLE

the angle made by

two ground lines is
measured horizontal
ly, and is called a
horizontal angle

VERTICAL ANGLE

It is the angle in the

vertical plane
It is angle between the
two lines intersecting
in a vertical plane.
On FL (Face Left), the
Vertical angle = 90 Reading
On FR (Face Right),
the vertical angle =
Reading - 270

Total Station Surveying

Total station
surveying - defined
as the use of
electronic survey
equipment used to
perform horizontal
and vertical
measurements in
reference to a grid
system (e.g. UTM,
mine grid).

Electronic Notebook

the brains of the total station. The notebook

will record, calculate, and even manipulate field
data automatically saving valuable time and
manpower.
the electronic notebook records the slope
distance, horizontal and vertical angles from the
total station and can perform numerous
calculations using operating software which is
loaded into the unit.
SDR 33 is an electronic notebook made by
Sokkia. Cost is approximately $4000 and can
store up 2MB of readings and analysis

main menu of the notebook

1) Function menu
2) Survey menu
3) COGO menu
4) Road menu
5) Level menu

Function Menu
the function menu consists of a series of submenus which contain specific input options
which may be used during on particular job or
may apply to all survey jobs
function sub-menus in the SDR 33 are
1) Job - multiple jobs can be stored
2) Instrument type - instrument type, prism
constant, orientation (azimuth)
3) Job settings - current job, atmospheric
correction, curvature and refraction correction,
and sea level correction

Function Menu
4) Configure reading - allows control over how
information can be numbered and stored (POS
or OBS), single/double angle measurement
setting, allows code lists to be activated, as well
as compatibility with other instruments (WILD)
5) Tolerances - Hor. And Ver. Angle = 30, EDM =
5mm allows accuracy of duplicate readings to be
checked.
6) Units
7) Communications - downloading or uploading
data (SDR, MOSS, DXF

Function Menu
8) Date and Time
9) Job Deletion
10) Calculator
11) Feature Code List - list to identify survey
details
12) Hardware - system info, battery life
13) Upgrade
14) User Program - allows programs to be
uploaded
15) Language - English but you can upload more
languages

Survey Menu

the survey menu consists of a series of submenus which contain specific software to use the
raw data recorded from the total station and
transform this information into usable survey
results
the survey sub-menus in the SDR 33 are:
1) Topography - allows topography of a region to
be measured.
2) Traverse Adjustment - allows series of stations
used as traverse to be calculated for closure. The
program can then calculate the adjustments
required in the stations to ensure closure.

Survey Menu

3) Resection - calculates the coordinates

of an unknown or free station by
observing a number of unknown stations
from the unknown point.
4) Set Collection, Set Review - structured
method for collecting multiple sets of
information from a station.
5) Building Face Survey - used to survey
details of a building including details
where the prism cannot be placed.

Survey Menu

6) Collimation - used to measure error in single

angle measurements.
7) Remote Elevation - used to measure
elevations of points in which the target cant be
placed. (e.g.. Powerline heights, bridge
heights). The prism is placed directly below the
object and the slope distance to the prism is
recorded along with the angle up to the remote
elevation. Based on these measurements, the
remote elevation point can be calculated.

COGO Menu

COGO is a suite of programs aimed at

coordinate geometry problems in civil
engineering originally a subsystem of
MITs Integrated Engineering System
(ICES) developed in the 1960s.
the COGO menu consists of a series of
sub-menus which contain specific
software used for coordinate geometry
calculations and setting out work in the
field

COGO Menu

the COGO sub-menus in the SDR 33 are

1) Setting out Coordinates - allows coordinates to
be placed in the field.
2) Setting out Line
3) Set out Arc
4) Resection
5) Inverse - allows calculation of point to point info,
6) Areas
7) Intersections
8) Point Projections
9) Taping from Baseline

Road Menu

the Road menu consists of a series of submenus which contain specific software used
to perform a detailed road or highway survey
the details of the road can be entered into
the data collector and the road can be laid
out in the field including all appropriate cut
and fill information at each point.
the cross-section survey sub-menu allows
for measurements of earthwork areas which
can be uploaded into CAD for earthwork
volume calculations

Level Menu

The level menu consists of a series of

sub-menus which contain specific
software used to perform a levelling
and level adjustment calculations