11-2 Reflection and refraction

of Light
Reviewing 11-1 Sound
 Sound frequencies above 20,000 Hz are called __________
waves.
A. infrasonic
B. infrared
C. subsonic
D. ultrasonic
 Describe the Doppler effect. You may draw a picture but be
sure to use vocabulary words to explain it(intensity, frequency,
pitch, amplitude, energy)
 In which of the following environments would sound waves
not travel?
A. at altitudes of 10,000 – 15,000 m
B. in solid aluminum
C. on the Moon
D. under water
Absorption, Transmission, and Reflection
The opaque material in this
candleholder only absorbs and reflects
light—no light passes through it.
Materials that allow some light to pass
through them, like the material of this
candle holder are translucent.
Transparent materials, such as this
candleholder transmit almost all the
light striking them, so you can see
objects clearly through them.
Regular and Diffuse Reflection
 A smooth, even surface such as a pane of glass produces a
sharp image by reflecting parallel light waves in only one
direction.
 Reflection of light waves from a smooth surface is regular
reflection.
 To cause a regular reflection, the roughness of a surface
must be less than the wavelengths it reflects.
 Reflection of light from a rough surface is diffuse
reflection.
 Diffuse reflection is a type of scattering that occurs when
light waves traveling in one direction are made to travel in
many different directions.
Reviewing Refraction
 Refraction is caused by a change in the
speed of a wave when it passes from one
material to another.
 Index of refraction is the ratio of the speed
of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in
the material.
 The index of refraction indicates how much
the speed of light is reduced in the material
compared to its speed in empty space.
 The larger the index of refraction, the more
light is slowed down in the material.
Refraction of Light
White light, such as sunlight, is
made up of light waves with range
of wavelengths.
Prism refracts the light twice—once
when it enters the prism and again
when it leaves the prism.
The longer wavelengths of light are
slowed less and are bent the least.
o This causes the different colors of
light separate and emerge out of the
prism
Mirages
• Mirages result when the air at ground level is much warmer
or cooler than the air above.
• The density of air increases as air cools and light waves
move slower in cooler air than in warmer air.
• Light waves are refracted as they pass through air layers with
different temperatures.
Reviewing 11-1 Sound
Sound frequencies above 20,000 Hz are called
__________ waves.