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Lectureon3/2/2016
Overview
The scope of the course:
Exchange rates and open-economy macroeconomics:
Economic openness: international transactions in goods
and services as well as financial assets.
microeconomics: from the perspective of individual firms
and consumers.
macroeconomics: how economies overall levels of
employment, production, and growth are determined.
Macroeconomics
Unemployment
Saving
Trade imbalances
Money and the price level
Preview
Two essential tools to capture a complete picture of the
macroeconomic linkages among economies that engage in
international trade:
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Preview
Balance of payments accounts:
records both changes in a countrys indebtedness to
foreigners and the fortunes of its export- and importcompeting industries.
show the connection between foreign transactions and
national money supplies.
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Source:U.S.DepartmentofCommerce,BureauofEconomicAnalysis
Copyright 2012 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
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Y = Cd + Id + Gd + EX
= (C-Cf) + (I-If) + (G-Gf) + EX
= C + I + G + EX (Cf + If +Gf)
= C + I + G + EX IM
= C + I + G + CA
Expenditure by domestic
individuals and institutions
Expenditure
on domestic
production
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GNP (cont.)
The share of the domestic spending in the GNP:
1. Consumption: 62%~70% over the past 60 years.
2. Investment: 11% ~ 22% in recent years.
3. Government purchases: about 20%.
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Source:U.S.DepartmentofCommerce,BureauofEconomicAnalysis,June2007release
Copyright 2012 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
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or
I = S CA
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credit
debit
Faxmachine
$80
(currentaccount,U.S.goodimport)
Bankdeposit
(financialaccount,U.S.assetsale)
$80
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credit
debit
Mealpurchase
$30
(currentaccount,U.S.serviceimport)
Saleofcreditcardclaim
(financialaccount,U.S.assetsale)
Copyright 2012 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
$30
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credit
debit
Purchase of stock
(financial account)
$90
$90
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debit
$50M
$50M
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2.
3.
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Source:U.S.DepartmentofCommerce,BureauofEconomicAnalysis,June2010.
Copyright 2012 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
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500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
GDP
GNP
2012
2013
2014
A. Current Account1.................................................................
Services: credit........................................................................
Services: debit........................................................................
Income: credit........................................................................
Income: debit........................................................................
6,153
6,578
-76
103
29
-87
-97
-105
2012
C. Financial Account1........................................................................
Direct investment abroad........................................................................
Direct investment in R.O.C. (Taiwan)..............................................................
Portfolio investment assets........................................................................
2013
2014
3,598
2,839
Equity securities........................................................................
-16,960
Debt securities........................................................................
-7,612 -22,265
3,213
7,980 12,895
2,906
9,618 13,756
307
-1,638
-861
328
770
283
4,526
5,851
5,689
-4,198
-5,081
-5,406
-1
Banks.................................................................................
Other sectors........................................................................
2012
Other investment liabilities........................................................................
2013
2014
Monetary authorities........................................................................
General government........................................................................
10,575 41,391
9,638
Banks.................................................................................
Other sectors........................................................................
Total, Groups A through C........................................................................
D. Net Errors and Omissions........................................................................
4,699
3,958
5,613
802
Reserve assets2........................................................................
Exceptional financing........................................................................
Summary
1.
2.
3.
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Summary (cont.)
4.
5.
6.
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Summary (cont.)
7.
8.
9.
The U.S. is the largest debtor nation, and its foreign debt
continues to grow because its current account continues
to be negative.
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AdditionalChapterArt
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