Consider a telephone line having a SNR ratio of

30dB and a total bandwidth of 30kHz. This

bandwidth is divided equally among 10 users. Find
the maximum data rate which each user can get ?

Total Bandwidth = 30kHz

Total Users = 10

Therefore, each users gets a bandwidth of

3kHz

Using Shannons formula:

We therefore get:

C = 3k * log2(1+1000)

C = 29.90 kbps

Each user therefore gets a max rate of 29.90

kbps.

A city having a total coverage area of 1200 sq km is allocated 40 MHz

of spectrum. It uses two 25 kHz simplex channels to provide full
duplex voice channels. Let each cell have an area of 4 sq km. Find :
The
total
number
of
cells
in
the
service
area
The
number
of
channels
in
each
cell.
The
frequency
reuse
ratio.
Assume 7-cell reuse.

Number of cells = Total area / Area of 1 cell

Number of cells = 1200/4 = 300 cells

Channel bandwidth = 25k + 25k = 50 kHz/duplex

channel

Total number of channels = 40M/50k = 800

Given, frequency reuse is 7, the number of channels

per cell = 800 / N ; N = 7;

Therefore, channels per cell = 800/7 = 114

Frequency reuse ratio = (3N)^0.5

Q = (3*7)^0.5 = 4.58

Consider a Cellular System having 210 traffic

channels and using 7 cell reuse. Calculate the
number of channels per antenna sector for the
case
of
:
Omnidirectional
Antennas
120 degree sectoring
For the case of omnidirectional antennas the
number of channels per cell= 210 / 7 = 30

For the case of 120 degree sectoring the

number of channels per cell per antenna sector
= 210/ (7 * 3) = 10

Consider a cellular system having 5 macrocells with

each cell having 60 channels assigned to it.
Find the total number of channels in the system.
Repeat the above if all of the macrocells are split
into 4 microcells

For A, Number of channels per cell = 60

Number of cells = 5

Therefore the number of channels = 60 * 5 =

300

For B, now the number of cells becomes 4 * 5

= 20

Number of channels per cell is same

Therefore, the no of channels = 20 * 60 =

1200

Assuming 4 branch diversity wherein each branch relieves

independent Rayleigh Fading signals. If the average SNR is
20 dB, determine the probability that the SNR would drop
below 10 dB. Compare this to the case of a single receiver
without diversity.

We wish to transmit a digital voice at 64 kb/s through

communication channel having a bandwidth of 6000
Hz. The transmitted power is such that the received
SNR is 30 dB. Determine whether the data can be
transmitted without errors through this channel.

Use Shannons Equation,

We get, C = 6000 * log2(1+1000)

C = 59.80 kb/s

As the given rate is greater than 59.8 kb/s,

therefore the data CANNOT be sent error free
through the channel.

Consider a cellular system with 7-cell cluster and a total of 630 full duplex voice channels
available in the system. For each the following cases determine the optimized distribution of
voice channels.
(1)
Omni-directional
antennas
are
used
in
each
cell.
(2)
120
sectoring
is
used
(3) 60 sectoring is used

1. The antenna transmits in all directions

therefore we get 630/7 = 90 channels.

2. The antenna would transmit only in a 120

degree sector, therefore we would get 90/3 =
30 channels from 1 antenna

3. The antenna would transmit only in a 60

degree sector, therefore we would get 30/3 =
10 channels from 1 antenna

Design a cellular communication system to cover a geographical area of 4200 km 2. You have a total
of 350 full duplex channels available at your disposal and the area of each cell is 4 km 2.
(1). Determine the number of times the cluster of size 7 needs to be replicated in order to cover the
entire
service
area?
(2)
Calculate
the
number
of
channels
per
cell?
(3)
Calculate
the
system
capacity?
(4) If the cluster size is reduced from 7 to 4, calculate the new system capacity? Comment on the
results obtained.

Total number of cells needed = 4200/4 = 1050

Therefore a cell of cluster size 7 needs to be replicated

1050/7 = 150 times

Number of channels per cell = 350/7 = 50

System capacity = 50 * 150

A cluster size of 4 needs to be replicated 1050/4 = 263

times

Number of channels per cell = 350/4 = 87

System capacity = 87 * 263

Consider a channel with bandwidth of 10 MHz and SNR =20 dB, and we want to
allocate this channel among M=100 users.
(1).What bit rate is available to each user if we divide the entire channel into M
channels
of
equal
bandwidth.
(2).What bit rate is available to each user if the entire frequency band is used as a
single channel and TDM (time division multiplexing) is applied?

Bandwidth allocated to each user =10M/100

=100k

Therefore the bit rate according to shannons

equation equals - 100k * log2 (1+100) =
665kb/s

If tdm is employed, the bandwidth of each

user equals the total bandwidth = 10MHz

The bit rate would then be - 1M *

log2(1+100) = 66.65 Mbp/s