HVDC

TYPES,CONNECTION
S AND
CONSTRUCTION
RIYA VERMA - 111305068
VISHAKHA SHEWALE 111305056
ADWAITA THORAT - 111305065

PRINCIPLES OF HVDC SYSTEM

OPERATION
A typical transmission consists of one rectifier station at
the sending end and one inverter station at the
receiving end
The two stations are interconnected by a DC
transmission line. The rectifier station converts AC to DC
while the inverter station converts DC to AC.

 By varying the firing angle of the Thyristor in the

converter, the DC output magnitude is controlled.
In rectifier the firing angle is 0 < < 90 and in inverter
the firing angle is 90> >180. As the DC output
voltage is a function of cosine of firing angle in
converter hence the converter voltage becomes
negative when >90. This makes converter to operate
as an inverter.
In practical HVDC converter stations three phase bridge
converters are used both in rectifier and inverter side.
By controlling the firing angle reversible operation of
converters as well as bidirectional power flow is possible
in HVDC link.

ADVANTAGES OF HVDC
SYSTEMS:
The capacitive current in ac limits the power
transmitting capability and the cable length.
In the dc systems there is no capacitive current. Hence,
limit to cable length is the cost and ir losses.
Reduced line cost as HVDC conductors are fewer and
thinner so they do not undergo skin effect.
Transmission between unsynchronised system( 50Hz
and 60Hz) and between two independent ac systems is
difficult in ac systems but not in dc systems.

 Increasing the capacity of existing power grids where

adding additional wires are difficult and expensive to
install.
HVDC systems can carry more power per conductor.
DC systems uses less currents i.e. Low losses as
compared to ac.
Environmental advantage as dc systems use less power
lines. The towers of dc are narrower, simpler and
cheaper as compared to ac.
HVDC has greater reliability i.e. Bipolar links are more
reliable than 3-phase HVAC.

HVDC TYPES:
HVDC can be classified into:
1) Monopolar links
2) Bipolar lilnks
3) Homopolar links

MONOPOLAR LINKS:
It uses one conductor
The return path is provided by ground or water
A metallic return may be used where earth resistivity is
too high
It is the first step towards a bipolar link

BIPOLAR LINKS:
Each terminal has two converters of equal rated
voltage,connected in series on the dc side
Junctions between the convrters are grounded
If one pole is isolated due to fault,the other pole can
operate with ground and carry half the rated load

HOMOPOLAR LINKS:
It has two or more conductors all having the sam e
polarity,usually negative
In case of a fault in any one of the conductors, the
converter equipment can be reconnected so that the
healthy conductor can supply power.
The return path for such a system is through ground

COMPONENTS OF HVDC:
1. Converters
2. Smoothing Reactors
3. Harmonic Filters
4. Reactive Power Supplies
5. Electrodes
6. DC Lines
7. AC Circuit Breakers

Converters
AC/DC and DC/AC conversion
Consists of valve bridges and transformers
Valve bridge consists of high voltage valves connected in a 6 pulse
or 12 pulse arrangement
The transformers are ungrounded such that the DC system will be
able to establish its own reference to ground

Smoothing Reactors
High reactors with inductance as high as 1 H in series with each pole
They serve the following:
1.Decrease harmonics in voltages & currents in DC lines
2.Prevent communication failures in inverters
3.Prevent current from being discontinuous for light loads

Harmonic Filters
Converters generate harmonics in voltage & currents.
Harmonic filters are used to mitigate these harmonics

Reactive Power Supplies

Reactive power under steady state condition & transient state
condition
Reactive power is hence provided near the converters
For strong AC power system, this reactive power is provided by
shunt capacitor

Electrodes
Conductors that provide connection to earth

DC Lines
Overhead lines or cables
Similar to AC lines

AC Circuit Breakers
Used to clear fault in the transformer & for taking the DC link out of
the service
Not used for clearing DC faults
DC faults-converter control

CONCLUSION:
HVDC is a main issue in transmission energy
Power flow can be controlled rapidly & accurately
HVDC offers a powerful alternative to increase stability
To keep the losses minimum, the control system shall be
designed to keep as high voltage as possible

REFERENCES:
POWER SYSTEM AND STABILITY BY P. KUNDUR
MODERN POWER SYSTEM AND STABILITY BY NAGRATH
KOTHARI
NPTEL LECTURE BY KOTHARI SIR

THANK
YOU!