Sensors In Engine Management System

Sukhpreet Singh Jhajj

Mechanical Engg.
Group 2
Semester -8th

What are Sensors?

Sensors are the electronic components

which sense for the different part of the
engine and send the information to the
Electronic Control Unit (ECU) For the further
action.

Different Type Of Sensors :Camshaft Position Sensor.

Crankshaft Position Sensor.
Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor.
Temprature Sensor.
Knock Sensor.
Lambda Sensor.

Camshaft Position Sensor

It is used to identify the position TDC position of

Cylinder No.1.
It is mounted on the cylinder head and works on
camshaft.
The generated signals are used to turn power
transistor off and on, which in turn switch the
coils at proper time.
For gasoline and Diesel Fuel Injection System, the
precision of the signal is very important to
achieve high comfort and optimal performance.

Together with the speed sensor signal, the

camshaft sensor signal supplies the absolute
angular position of the crankshaft referred to TDC
of the first fired engine cylnder.
It is unlikely that a failed camshaft position
sensor will cause the engine to not start, as this
particular sensor only times the injector pulses.

Cam shaft Position Sensor

Crankshaft position Sensor

The fuel injection system needs a reference

to the position to the crankshaft in relation
to rotational degrees. For this purpose, the
CKP scans the toothed rotor mounted on the
fly-wheel or small timing gear.

Working

It is based on the induction principle, i.e induction

coil senses alternation in the magnetic flow of the
integrated permanent magnets relative to sensor
wheel.
In order to meet the present and future emission
limits and to achieve maximum comfort at ideal
performance, the measurement of the engine
speed must be extremely precise.
The signal precision is achieved via the high signal
amplitude of the sensor and is still dependent on
the design of the sensor wheel and on the
application of engine system at engine.

Crank Shaft Position

Sensor

Manifold Absolute Pressure

It is used to determine how much load is being placed

on the engine. This is needed because if the load is
heavy, more fuel must be injected to the engine. If the
load is less, less fuel will be needed.
The manifold absolute pressure sensor provides
instantaneous manifold information to the engine ECU.
This is necessary to calculate air density and determine
the engine air mass flow rate,which is used to calculate
appropriate fuel flow.
The signal of the sensor is also used to determine the
atmospheric pressure. For this purpose, the signals are
evacuated with the engine stopped and when it is
running at slow speed.

Manifold Absolute
Pressure

Temprature Sensor
The temperature sensor measures
temprature at or in the engine, e.g. The
coolant circuit, oil circuit and fuel supply
line and inlet air.
It is used to ON or OFF the radiator if the
temperature of the engine increases to cool
it.

Temperature Sensor

Knock Sensor

Knocking is the process which occur when the

ignition point is too far or advanced. Following the
start of normal combustion, the considerable
increase in pressure in combustion chamber leads
to spontaneous ignition of the unburnt residual
mixture not yet reached by the flame front.
Persistent knocking over lengthy period can cause
mechanical damage to the engine on account of
the pressure waves and increased thermal load.

It is located on the engine cylinder block. It

senses vibration, which are then converted into
electrical signal or sent to ECM for retarding the
ignition timing to prevent damage to engine.
It is made up of piezoelectric material.

Knock Sensor

Lambda Sensor

It is also called as Oxygen Sensor and is mounted

at the outlet of exhaust manifold in MPFI vehicle.
It detects the oxygen concentration in the
exhaust gas and gives feedback to ECU to correct
the air fuel ratio.

Lean mixture- High Oxygen content in exhaust gas.

Rich mixture- Less Oxygen Content in exhaust gas.

The Essential Constituent of the oxygen sensor is

special-ceramic body featuring gas-permeable
platinum electrodes on its surface.

Lambda Sensor

Thank You