Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
By
Karl E. Case,
Ray C. Fair &
Sharon M. Oster
2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Principles of Economics 9e by Case, Fair and Oster
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Prepared by:
Fernando & Yvonn Quijano
2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Principles of Economics 9e by Case, Fair and Oster
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CHAPTER OUTLINE
Time Lags Regarding Monetary and
Fiscal Policy
Stabilization
Recognition Lags
Implementation Lags
Response Lags
Fiscal Policy: Deficit Targeting
The Effects of Spending Cuts on the Deficit
Economic Stability and Deficit Reduction
Summary
The Stock Market and the Economy
Stocks and Bonds
Determining the price of a Stock
The Stock Market Since 1948
Stock Market Effects on the Economy
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Stabilization
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Recognition Lags
Implementation Lags
implementation lag The time it takes to put the
desired policy into effect once economists and
policy makers recognize that the economy is in a
boom or a slump.
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Response Lags
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Response Lags
Response Lags for Fiscal Policy
Neither individuals nor firms revise their spending
plans instantaneously. Until they can make those
revisions, extra government spending does not
stimulate extra private spending.
Response Lags for Monetary Policy
Monetary policy works by changing interest rates,
which then change planned investment.
The response of consumption and investment to
interest rate changes takes time.
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Response Lags
Summary
Stabilization is not easily achieved. It takes time for
policy makers to recognize the existence of a
problem, more time for them to implement a
solution, and yet more time for firms and
households to respond to the stabilization policies
taken.
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Summary
It is clear that the GRH legislation, the balancedbudget amendment, and similar deficit targeting
measures have some undesirable macroeconomic
consequences.
Locking the economy into spending cuts during
periods of negative demand shocks, as deficittargeting measures do, is not a good way to
manage the economy.
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FIGURE 30.5 The S&P 500 Stock Price Index, 1948 I2007 IV
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FIGURE 30.9 Ratio of Federal Government Budget Surplus to GDP, 1995 I2002 III
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Bubbles or Rational
Investors?
Bernankes Bubble Laboratory:
Princeton Protgs of Fed
Chief Study the Economics of
Manias
Wall Street Journal
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automatic destabilizers
automatic stabilizers
capital gain
recognition lag
response lag
stabilization policy
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act
implementation lag
stock
NASDAQ Composite
time lags
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