BCR ANTICUERPOS

Dra. Hilda Centeno G.

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secuencias

La molculas
de Ig. puede
diseccionarse
por digestin
parcial con
proteasas

Los
dominios
variables
y
constantes
de la Ig.

INTERACCION

DE AS
MOLECULAS DE ANTICUERPO
CON EL ANTIGENO
ESPECIFICO

BCR

BCR

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BCR

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anticuerpos
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Complejo
lisozima
con el Ac.
D1

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GENERACION

DE
DIVERSIDAD EN LA REPUESTA
INMUNITARIA HUMORAL

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Los genes de
la Ig. estn
reordenados
en la cel. B

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El nmero
de
segmentos
gnicos
funcionales
el las
regiones V
de las
cadenas
pesadas y
ligeras
humanas

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Los segmentos
gnicos del
segmento V se
unen por
recombinacin

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La hipermutacin
somtica introduce
diversidad en los
genes de Ig.
expresados

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VARIACION

ESTRUCTURAL DE
LAS REGIONES CONSTANTES
DE INMUNO GLOBULINAS

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Propiedades
de los
isotipos de
la Ig.
humana

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Las molculas de Ig M
e Ig A pueden formar
multmetros
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El cambio de isotipo conlleva recombinacin entre seales

especficas

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Las formas
transmembrana y
secretada de las Ig.
deriva de la misma
secuencia de cadena
pesada por
procesamiento
alternativo de ARN

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Multiple signals are needed for B cells to become activated. The first
signal is the binding of antigen by the B cells surface Ig.
T helper cells provide additional signals necessary for activation.
The T cells provide signals through both soluble products (cytokines)
and through direct membrane-membrane binding (ligands).

Activation

Proliferation

Differentiation
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Specific Responses
Antibodies
IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, IgE
Produced by B lymphocytes, usually under
control of CD4 T cells

Cellular responses
Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)
macrophages and CD4 T lymphocytes

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)

CD8 T lymphocytes
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Heavy Chain
Light Chain
( or )
The basic monomeric
structure of an antibody
molecule consists of 2
identical heavy chains
and 2 identical light
chains bound together by
disulfide bonds.

Constant
region

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Enzymatic cleavage of immunoglobulins reveals

fragments with distinct functions.
Fc = crystallizable fragment;
provides signals to other
elements of the immune system

Fc
Fab

Fab

Fab = antigen binding fragment

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Isotypes
IgG

IgM

IgD

IgA

IgE

Isotype determined by constant region of heavy chain

B cells secrete IgM as a

pentamer.

J chain

B cells secrete IgA as

a monomer, but it
can be converted to a
dimer (sIgA) in
certain endothelial
cells and secreted to
the exterior.
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Each clonally derived set of lymphocytes forms a

unique Ab - a single species of heavy chain and a
single species of light chain.
Thus millions of different receptors must be clonally
developed?
How can such an array of receptors be generated?
The template theory
The

germline theory

The

somatic mutation theory

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B cell development in a nutshell !

Memory

Naive

Negative
Selection

Pre-B

Activated
Has bound Ag and
interacted with T
lymphocytes;
begins proliferation
and differentiation

Remains
quiescent for
future activity

Plasma cell

Enters terminal
differentiation to secrete Ab
until death
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Isotype Switch

IgM

IgM

IgM

IgM

IgM

IgG

IgG

IgG

IgA

IgM

IgM

IgM

IgG

IgM

IgM

IgA

IgG

IgG

IgG

IgA

IgG

IgG

IgG

IgE

IgG
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Immunoglobulin Exists in Two Forms

Ig

can exist in a membrane bound form (mIg) to

serve as a signal to B cells about the presence
of appropriate antigen in the environment. mIg
exists in monomeric form.

Most

B cells, when activated, become plasma

cells and secrete a soluble form of Ig (sIg).
Some sIg may exist in the plasma as pentamers
(IgM). Some may be secreted into the external
environment as dimers (IgA).

Other

activated B cells become memory B cells.

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