TOPICS TO BE COVERED

Trait Theory of
Leadership

Behavior Theory of

Contingencies Theory of

Leadership

1. Michigan & Ohio

Leadership

1.

Katz Framework

1. Fledlers Theory

2.

Stogdills Framework

2. Blake Monton Managerial Grid

2. Harsey & Blanchards

3.

McCains Framework

3. Different Behavior of Leadership

3. Path-Goal Theory

4. Vroom & Yetton Theory

Whats Leadership ?
According To Peter Drucker:
The only definition of a leader is someone who has followers.
Bill Gates:
As we look ahead into the next century, leaders will be those who empower others.
Definition:
Leadership is a process of social influence, which maximizes the efforts of others,
towards the achievement of a goal.

TRAIT THEORY OF LEADERSHIP

Successor of Great Man Theory of Leadership
Big Assumption:

Leaders such as Abraham Lincoln or Mark Zuckerberg were born with inborn
ability to lead.
Whats Trait Theory ?
Leadership Traits are innate.(Big 5 Model Traits)
Developed through Experience and Learning
Focuses on Personal Qualities and Characteristics.
Critics: Too simplistic & futile.

DIFFERENT FRAMEWORKS OF TRAIT THEORY

Capacity,
Achievement,
Responsibility,
Participation,
& Status.
Emotional
Stability,
Capacity to
Inspire,
Admitting
error &
Cohesion.

McCains Framework
(3Fs)

Developing
your Best Self.
Managing
People &
Processes.
Cultivating
Professional
Networks.
Learning
Through
Experience.
Applying
Technical
Competence.

Stogdills Framework

Katz Framework

Freedom
Focused
Foresight

Indra Nooyi CEO PepsiCo.

Traits that make her a Great Leader:

Sociable
Agreeable
Emotionally Stable
Open to Experiences
Conscientious

Results of Such Personality Traits:

Excellence in Job Performance
Successful Career
One of the most Powerful Women in Business

Behavioral Theories
Theories that attempt to isolate behaviors that
differentiate effective leaders form ineffective leaders

Ohio State Studies

Research began at Ohio state university in late 1940s
To identify independent dimensions of leader behavior
Resulted in two dimensions:
Initiating structure
Consideration

Conclusions of Ohio State Studies

Higher on one dimension does not mean low on another
Followers of leaders high in consideration were more satisfied,
motivated and had respect for their leaders
Leaders high in initiating structure increased organizations
productivity and performance

Michigan Studies
Objective
To locate behavioral characteristics of leaders that appeared to be related
to measure of performance effectiveness
Came up with two-dimensions of leadership behavior
Employee-oriented
Production-oriented

Conclusions of Michigan Studies

Employees favored leaders who were employee oriented in behavior
Recommended only one dimension important for manager to be
successful i.e. employee oriented leaders

The Managerial Grid

Developed by Blake and Mouton
Based on concern for people and concern for production
Does not specify why a manger falls into one part or another grid

Different Leadership Behaviors

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1. Autocratic Leadership
Classical Leadership Style

Managers retains as much power and decision

making authority as possible

No involvement of Staff

Eg:- Adolf Hitler

2. Democratic Leadership
Also known as Participative style
Sharing of Decision-making abilities and Ideas
Encourages staff to be a part of the decision making
Eg:- Carlos Ghosn- Currently the Chairman and CEO of Paris-based Renault, Chairman and CEO of
Japan-based Nissan, and Chairman of Russian automobile manufacturer AvtoVAZ

3. Supportive Leadership
Path-goal theory
Cohesion among members
Attempts to reduce employee stress and frustration in the workplace
Eg:- Steve Jobs

4. Achievement Leadership
A management strategy that puts high goals and training to get the needed improvement in
performance levels.
high performance is expected
a high level of confidence in the employee's ability to achieve the goals.
Eg:- Abdul Kalam

5. Laissez-Faire Leadership
Known as Hands-off style
The manager provide little or no direction
and gives staff freedom as much as possible
Highly experienced and trained employees requiring little supervision fall under the laissez-faire
leadership style.
Eg:- Warren Buffet

Contingency Theory

Fiedlers Model
Fixed Style of Leadership
Result of Two Factor

Leadership Style
Evaluation Tool : Least Preferred Co-worker (LPC)

Situational Control
Leader Member Relation
Task Structure
Leaders Position Power

Least Preferred Co-worker (LPC)

Respondent Describe: Least Preferred Co - Worker

Least Preferred Co-worker (LPC)

Analysis:
Score: 57 or below, Leadership Style: Task Oriented
Score: 58 63, Leadership Style: Middle LPC
Score: 64 or 64 +, Leadership Style: Relationship Oriented
Application:
Identify Leadership Style
Identify Situation
Determine most effective Leadership Style

Breakdown of Most Effective Leadership Style

Path Goal Theory of Leadership

Hersey Blanchard Leadership Theory

Change Leadership Styles:
Based on Maturity of People they are leading
Details of Task

Model Maps Leadership Styles to Maturity Level

Leadership in Organizations
Transactional Leaders
Leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established
goals by clarifying role and task requirements.

Transformational Leaders
Inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the
organization; they can have a profound and extraordinary effect on followers.

VroomYetton Contingency Model

Situational leadership theory of industrial and organizational
psychology.
This model suggests the selection a leadership style for group decision
making

Online Leadership
Lack of face-to-face contact.
The structure and tone of message
Writing skills become an extension of interpersonal skills.
Building trust and understanding is greatest challenge.

LEADERS

Finding & Creating Effective Leaders

Selection Process
-Extraversion, conscientiousness and openness to experience
Training
- Developing situational-analysis
- Executive Leadership programs

THANK YOU