ENVIRONMENTAL

POLLUTION

Environmental pollution is any discharge of

material or energy into water, land, or air that
causes or may cause acute (short-term) or
chronic (long-term) detriment to the Earth's
ecological balance or that lowers the quality of
life. Pollutants may cause primary damage, with
direct identifiable impact on the environment, or
secondary damage in the form of minor
perturbations in the delicate balance of the
biological food web that are detectable only
over long time periods.

TROPOSPHERIC POLLUTION

IT occurs due to the presence of undesirable solid or gaseous

particles in air.
GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANTS- OXIDES OF SULPHUR NITROGEN ,
AND CARBON, HYDROGEN SULPHIDE , HYDROCARBONS,
OZONE
OXIDES OF SULPHURoxides
AND OTHER OXIDANTS
of sulphur are produced
when sulphur containing
fossil fuel is burnt . It causes
respiratory problems

OXIDES OF NITROGEN- AT HIGH

ALTITUDES WHEN LIGHTNING STRIKES
DINITROGEN AND DIOXYGEN COMBINE
TO FORM OXIDES OF NITROGEN THE
IRRITANT RED HAZE IN TRAFFIC AND
CONGESTED PLACES IS DUE TO OXIDES
OF NITROGEN
OXIDES OF CARBON-HYDROCARBONS
AND CARBON MONOXIDE .
HYDROCARBONS ARE FORMED DUE
TO INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION OF
FOSSIL FUELS . CARBON MONOXIDE IS

ROPOSPHERIC POLLUTION
PARTICULATE POLLUTANTS ARE- DUST, MIST, FUMES, SMOKE
SMOKE PARTICULATES CONSISTS OF
SOLID OR MIXTURE OF SOLID AND
LIQUID . THEST ARE DURING
COMBUSTION OF ORGANIC MATTER
AND FOSSIL SUELS

MISTS- ARE PRODUCED BY

PARTICELS OF SPRAY LIQUIDS
AND BY CONDENSATION OF
VAPOURS IN AIR

DUST IS COMPOSED OF FINE SOLID

PARTICLES OVER 1UM IN DIAMETER ,
PRODUCED DURING CRUSHING
GRINDING AND ATTRIBUTION OF SOLID
MATERIALS .

GLOBAL WARMING
GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

ACID RAIN

WE ARE AWARE THAT NORMAL RAIN WATER HAS

PH OF 5.6 DUE TO PRESENCE OF H+ IONS
FORMED BY REACTION OF RAIN WATER WITH
CARBON WHEN PH OF RAIN WATER DROPS
BELOW 5.6 IT IS CALLED ACID RAIN

TAJ MAHAL AND ACID RAIN

THE AIR ARROUND THE CITY OF AGRA WHERE THE
TAJ MAHAL IS LOCATED CONTAINS FAIRLY HIGH LEVELS
OF SULPHUR AND NITROGEN OXIDES IT IS MAINLY DUE
TO LARGE NUMBER OF INDUSTRAIL POWER PLANTS
ARROUND THE CITY THE RESULTING ACID RAIN
REACTS WITH THE MARBLE OF THE MONUMENT

STRATOSPHERIC
POLLUTION
THE UPPER STRATOSPHERE
CONSISITS OF CONSIDERABLE
AMOUNT OF OZONE WHICH
PROTECTS US FROM HARMFUL
ULTRA VIOLET RAYS

The ozone hole is an annual thinning of the

ozone layer over Antartica caused by stratospheric
chlorine Other more moderate thinning have also
been called "ozone holes", such as that over the
North Pole during certain weather conditions. The
discovery of the annual depletion of ozone above
the Antarctic was first announced in a paper by Joe
Farman, Brian Gardiner and Jonathan Shanklin
which appeared in nature in may 1985 .Due to

WATER POLLUTION

Water pollutionis the contamination

ofwaterbodies
(e.g.lakes,rivers,oceans,aquifersandgr
oundwater). Water pollution occurs
whenpollutantsare discharged directly or
indirectly into water bodies without
MAIN
CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION
adequatetreatmentto
remove harmful
ARE
compounds.
PATHOGENS , ORGANIC WASTE AND
CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS

AS WE KNOW WATER IS AN EXCELLENT

SOLVENT MANY INORGANIC SOLVENTS LI
THEY INCLUDE MERCURY CADIUM

PATHOGENS INLCLUDE DISEASE CAUSING BACTERIA LIKE

STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AND MANY MORE

SOIL POLLUTION

Soil contaminationorsoilpollution is caused by the presence

ofxenobiotic(human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural
soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural
chemicals, or improper disposal ofwaste. The most common chemicals
involved are petroleumhydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
(such as naphthalene and benzo(a)pyrene),solvents, pesticides,lead, and
otherheavy metals. Contamination is correlated with the degree
ofindustrializationand intensity of chemical usage.

MAIN CAUSES OF SOIL

POLLUTION ARE
PESTICIDES AND
INDUSTRIAL WASTE

APESTICIDEis a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a

pest. A pesticide may be a chemical substance, biological agent
(such as a virus or bacteria), antimicrobial, disinfectant or device
used against any pest. Pests include insects, plant pathogens, weeds,
mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms) and
microbes that compete with humans for food, destroy property,
spread or are a vector for disease or cause a nuisance

Treated sewagesludge, known in the industry as

bio solids, has become controversial as a
fertilizer to the land. As it is the byproduct of
sewage treatment, it generally contains more
contaminants such as organisms, pesticides,
and heavy metals than other soil.

GREEN CHEMISTRY
Green chemistry, also called sustainable chemistry, is a philosophy
of chemical research and engineering that encourages the design
of products and processes that minimize the use and generation
of hazardous substances . Whereas environmental chemistryis
the chemistry of the natural environment, and of pollutant
chemicals in nature, green chemistry seeks to reduce and
preventpollutionat its source.

NOBEL GOES TO GRREN CHEMISTRY

What a great day for chemistry,'' declared an advocate of
environmentally friendly "green chemistry,'' Paul Anastas of the
American Chemical Society.
The $1.3 million prize will be shared by Robert H. Grubbs, 63, of the
California Institute of Technology; Richard R. Schrock, 60, of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Yves Chauvin, 74,
honorary director of research at the Institut Francais du Petrole in
Rueil-Malmaison, France.

Yves
Chauvin

Robert
H.Grubbs

Richard
R.schrock