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MATHEMATICS

AMIRUSUZILAWATI BT MOHD
ARIFFIN1
FORM
D20061025751
PENDIDIKAN
MATEMATIK
CHAPTER
6
UPSI

INTEGERS

Learning
Outcomes

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Contents

Summary

Quiz

Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, students are able to:
i.

Read and write integers.

ii.

Represent integers on number lines.

iii. Compare the values of two integers.

iv.

Arrange integers in order.

v.

Write positive or negative numbers to represent

word descriptions.

vi.

Add and subtract integers.

vii. Solve problems involving addition and subtraction

of integers.

6.1 Integers

6.2 Addition
and
Subtraction of
Integers

Integers
An integer is a whole
number that has a
positive sign (+) or a
negative sign (-),
including zero.

Positive integer: A whole number with

a positive
sign or
without a sign
Examples:
+1, +16, +23 or 1, 16, 23
Negative integer: A whole number
with a negative
sign
Examples:
-5, -11, -21

Not
es!

0 is neither a positive
integer nor negative integer.
Fractions and decimals are
not integers.

Example 1
State the integers from the list below:

1
1
5, , 4, 1.7, 0 and 1
3
2
Solution:
-5, 4 and 0 are integers

Representing Integers on a
Number Line

Integers can be represented on

a horizontal or a vertical
number line.
-3
2

-2 -1
3

Horizontal number
line

3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3

Vertical
number
line

Comparing Two Integers

On a number line, an integer

is always less than the
integers
to its right.
Increasing order
(The value gets
bigger)

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
4 5

Decreasing order
(The value gets
smaller)

Example 2
Represent 2 and -3 on a number line and
state which of the integers is greater.
Solution:
-3
2

-2 -1
3

2 is greater than -3

Because 2
lies to the
right of -3

Arranging Integers in
Order

By using a number line, we can

arrange several integers in increasing
or decreasing order.
Increasing order
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
4 5
Decreasing order

Example 3
Arrange -5, 3, 0, -2, -1, 4 in
a) increasing order
b) decreasing order
Solution:

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
4 5
a) increasing order: -5, -2, -1, 0, 3, 4
b) decreasing order: 4, 3, 0, -1, -2, -5

Use of Positive and Negative

Numbers
Positive numbers and negative
numbers are frequently used in real life
situations involving:
An increase in value or a
decrease in value
Values greater than zero or less
than zero
Opposite direction

Example
4

Write positive or negative numbers to represent

each of the following word descriptions:
a)12.6 meters below sea level
b)b) A gain of 2 cent
c) An overspend of RM5
d) 7 oC above freezing point
e) 45 km from Tg. Malim to the east

Solution:

a) -12.6 m
b)+2 cent or 2 cent
c) -RM 5
d)+7 oC or 7 oC
e) +45 km or 45 km

Addition of Integers

Addition of a positive integer

can be represented on a number
line as a movement towards
the positive direction, which
means from left to right.
+4

Addition of a negative
integer can be represented on a
number line as a movement
towards the negative
direction, which means from
right -4
to left.
-2

-1

Example
5

Simplify each of the following:

a) (2) + (3)
b) (2) + (-3)
c) (-2) + (-3)

Starting from
0, move two
units to the
right, followed
by three units
to the right

Solution:
a) (2) + (3) = 5
+2

1
5

+3

Starting from
0, move two
units to the
right, followed
by three units
to the left

b) (2) + (-3) = -1
+2

-2

-1

3
-3

c) (-2) + (-3) = -5
-2

-5

-4
0
-3

-3

-2

-1

Subtraction of Integers

Subtracting two integers is a

process of finding the
difference between the two
integers.
This difference is obtained by
subtracting the second
integer from the first
integer.

Example
6
Find the difference between the integers in
each of the following pairs:
a) 4, -2
b) -3, -7
Solution:
a)

+6

From -2, we need

to move six units
towards the
positive direction
to reach 4

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
4 the
5 difference between 4 and -2 is +6,
Therefore,
i.e. 4 (-2) = 6
Subtraction
sign

Negative
sign

We need to
move four units
towards the
right from -7 to
reach -3

b)
+4

-7 -6
-2

-5

-4

-3

Therefore, the difference between

-3 and -7 is +4, i.e. -3 (-7) = 4

1
2
4

3
5

Question
1 In the integer list -7, -11, -2, -9,

-4 and -5, the difference between

the largest and the smallest
integer is

Question
2

In the sequence -17, -14, -8, , the

missing term is

Question
3
A
The temperature of a
certain gas was 3oC. If
there was 17 decrease in
temperature, the resulting
temperature was

B
C
D

Question
4

The sum of -7, 9 and

-13 is

Question
5
What is the difference in
height between point A
which is at 800 m above sea
level and point B which is at
300 m below sea level and
directly below A?

A
B
C
D

Question
Which
of the following is/are
6

true?
I.A weight loss of 3 kg is
represent as -3 kg
II.4oC below the freezing point of
water is written as - 4oC
III.A loss of RM5 is represent as
+RM5
A
C

SUMMARY

Increasing order
(The value gets
bigger)
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
3 4 5

Decreasing order
(The value gets
smaller)

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