HISTOLOGY SLIDES

FIRST YEAR MBBS

Rawalpindi Medical College

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS
EPITHELIUM
Identification points:
Flattened cells
Surface view: rounded central nucleus
Cross section: elongated nucleus

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL
EPITHELIUM
Identification Points:
Cuboidal cells (height almost the same as width)
Central rounded nuclei
Surface view: polygonal

SIMPLE COLUMNAR
EPITHELIUM
Identification points:
Single layer of elongated cells
Height of cell > width of cell
Elongated basal nuclei

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

WITH GOBLET CELLS
Identification Points:
Elongated column shaped cells (height > width)
Elongated basal nuclei
Goblet cells have central and oval nuclei

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

Identification points:
Multilayered
Basal cells: high cuboidal or low columnar
Surface layer: cuboidal

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS NON

KERATINIZED EPITHELIUM
Identification Points:
Surface squamous flattened cells
No keratin
Middle layer: polygonal cells
Basal layer: high cuboidal/low columnar cells

PSEUDO STRATIFIED COLUMNAR

EPITHELIUM
Identification Points:
Single layer of cells
Some cells are columnar; others are cuboidal
Nuclei lying at different levels; give the false appearance of
stratified epithelium

EPIDIDYMUS

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
Identification Points:
Basal layer of cuboidal cells
Next, four layers of polygonal cells
Next, two layers of pear shaped cells
Upper most layer of umbrella shaped cells

THIN SKIN
Identification Points:
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
Dense irregular CT beneath
Hair follicles and roots present
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands

THICK SKIN
Identification Points:
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
No hair roots and follicles
Pacinian corpuscles

DENSE REGULAR C.T

Identification Points:
Parallel collagen fibres in the form of bundles
Compressed elongated fibroblasts between the collagen
fibres

MUCOUS ACINI
Identification Points:
Pyramidal cells
Apical portion lightly stained
Basal portion darkly stained
Flattened nuclei towards the base

FIBRO CARTILAGE
Identification Points:
No perichondrium
Chondrocytes within lacunae, arranged in rows
Collagen fibres arranged parallel

ELASTIC CARTILAGE
Identification Points:
Perichondrium is present
Elastic fibres in matrix
Basophilic ground substance around lacunae
Chondrocytes in lacunae in the form of isogenous groups

HYALINE CARTILAGE
Identification Points:
Dense Irregular CT (perichondrium)
Chondrocytes within lacunae
Chondrocytes in the form of isogenous groups
Naked eye examination: Bluish white translucent
appearance

Costal Hyaline cartilage

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
Identification Points:
Superficial tangential layer
Intermediate transitional layer
Radial zone
Calcified zone

COMPACT BONE
Identification Points:
Haversion Canal
Lamellae
Osteocytes in lacunae
Volkmanns canal

SPONGY BONE
Identification Points:
Trabeculae
Red marrow
Spikes
Periosteum: outer fibrous, inner cellular

CARDIAC MUSCLE
Identification Points:
Branched
Striated
Intercalated discs

SMOOTH MUSCLE
Identification points:
Non striated appearance
Single central nucleus
Spindle shaped cells

SKELETAL MUSCLES
Identification Points:
Characteristic striated appearance
Peripheral nuclei
Nucleus ovoid in shape

PERIPHERAL NERVE

CEREBRUM
Identification points:
Pyramidal and non pyramidal cells
Arranged in the form of layers (mention the names)
properly visible only by Nissl staining method

CEREBELLUM
Identification Points:
From outwards to inwards:
Molecular layer with fan shaped dendrites, stellate cells and
basket cells (but cell population is very low)
Flask shaped Perkinge cells
Granular layer (deeply basophilic appearance of closely
packed nuclei)

SPINAL CORD
Identification Points:
Central canal
Butterfly shaped grey matter
Dorsal median sulcus and ventral median fissure
(depending on the portion under examination)

ELASTIC ARTERY
Identification Points:
No distinct outer and inner elastic membranes
Tunica adventitia: merges with CT, contains vasa vasorum
Tunica media: elastic fibres are present in a large amount
Tunica intima: Simple squamous endothelium,
subendothelial CT

MUSCULAR ARTERY
Identification Points:
Tunica intima: darkly stained
Tunica media: smooth muscle fibres arranged in circular
patterns
Tunica adventitia: collagen (lightly stained); elastic (darkly
stained)

LYMPH NODE
Identification Points:
Primary follicles/nodules without germinal centre
Secondary follicles/nodules with germinal centre
Irregular anastomosing medullary cords
Subcapsular sinuses

THYMUS
Identification Points:
Medulla is lightly stained
Hassalls corpuscles in medulla
Epithelioreticular cells; stellate shaped

SPLEEN
Identification Points:
Red pulp: splenic cord and venous sinuses
White pulp: contains lymphatic nodules and germinal centre
Splenic sinuses
No differentiation into cortex and medulla

TONSIL
Identification Points:
Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium
Crypt
Trabeculae
Lymphatic nodules

TRACHEA

LUNG
Identification Points:
Alveoli: Type I alveolar cells (simple squamous epithelium);
Type II alveolar cells (cuboidal cells)
Respiratory bronchioles: lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

ADIPOSE TISSUE
(WHITE)
Identification Points:
Unilocular
Nuclei towards periphery
Spherical

THE END

By Nowera Zafar