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BUILDINGS
(TUBE STRUCTURES)
By
J.C.WASON
ULTRA HIGH
RISE
BUILDINGS BY
J.C.WASON
What is a Tube
Structure ?
A Tube structure is a 3
dimensional stiff Tube like
structure which acts like a
vertical cantilever, fixed to
base, and is acted upon vertical
forces due to Dead loads and
live loads and Horizontal Forces
due to Earthquake and Wind.
TUBE SYSTEMS
A TUBE STRUCTURE :
(i). IS A STIFF VERTICAL HOLLOW TUBE LIKE
3D STRUCTURE
(ii). ACTS AS A VERTICAL CANTILEVER
FIXED AT BASE
(iii). IS SUBJECTED TO VERTICAL FORCES
DUE TO
DL + LL AND HOR FORCES DUE TO
W=DL+LL
(WIND/EQ)
H
W
TUBE SYSTEMS
A Tube structure is a 3 D space
Tube like stiff vertical cantilever
system fixed at base and
subjected to vertical loads due to
D.L & L.L & Horizontal loads due
to EQ & wind
TUBE SYSTEMS
TUBE STRUCTURES :
Def: A Three dimensional space
structure composed of Stiff rigid
frames, Braced frames, Shear
walls or their combinations
joined together to form a Tube
like structural system capable of
resisting lateral forces in any
direction by cantilevering from
foundations.
TUBE SYSTEMS
A TUBE STRYCTURE CONSISTS OF :
Tube structures :
Entire Tube structure
participates in
overturning resistance.
Tube structures :
Location of resisting elements
Resisting elements in a Tube structures may be
located
Around internally located service cores.
Around exterior perimeter.
Faade of a building.
Types of Tube
Structures :
Following Types of Tube Structures
are normally adopted :
1.Framed Tubes.
2.Trussed (or Braced) Tubes.
3.
1. Framed Tubes :
A Framed Tube system has closely
spaced columns and deep spandrel
beams, such that the entire structure
acts like a perforated cantilevered
vertical Tube resisting lateral loads
due to Wind and EQ.
Examples : 40 storeyed De Witt
Apartment Building, USA.
AXIAL STRESS IN
COLUMN DUE TO
WIND ONLY
CLOSELY SPACED COLS STIFFENED
BY DEEP STIFF SPANDREL BEAMS
ACTUAL
STRESS DUE
TO SHEAR
LAG
THE
CANTILEVER
STRESS
40 ST DE WITT
APARTMENT BLDG
FRAMED TUBE :
40 storeyed De Witt
Apartment Bldg USA.
Col spacing = 1.7 m
c/c
Stiffened by stiff
beams
DE WITT BLDG
40 STOREYED DE WITT
BLDG, USA FRAMED TUBE
SYSTEM.
TRANSFER GIRDER
(TO PROVIDE FOR
LARGER SPACED
COLUMNS TO
FACILITATE
JOHN HANCOCK
TOWER
JOHN HAN COCK
TOWER, CHICAGO,
USA. :
100 STOREYED
BRACED FRAMED
TUBE SYSTEM BLDG.
BRACIN
G TO
STIFFEN
COLUMN
S
COLUMNS AT
CLOSE
INTERNALS TO
PERFORM AS
EXTERNAL
TUBE
DEEP STIFF
BEAMS TO
STIFFEN
CLOSELY
SPACED
COLUMNS
SHEAR WALLS IN
SERVICE CORE
TO PERFORM AS
INTERNAL TUBE
CORE SHEAR
WALL TUBE
EXTERIOR
FRAMED TUBE
24 COMPOSITE
TRUSS 2 METAL DECK ,
4 CONCRETE
SHEAR WALLS
STEEL
FLOORS
LINK BEAM 39
DEEP BY 20 WIDE
PERIMETER SHEAR WALL AVG.
THICKNESS 18
FRAMED TUBE
2 4 COMPOSITE TRUSS, 2
METAL DECK 4 INCHES
CONCRETE
FIRST CANADIAN
CENTRE, CALGARY,
CANADA
64 STOREYED TUBE IN
TUBE SYSTEM :
FRONT VIEW
ZONE
ZONE 4
ZONE
4
ZONE
3
91 TO 110
67 TO 90
75
ZONE 2
ZONE 1
FLOORS 1 TO 50
MULTIPLE OR
BUNDLED TUBE
ZONE
1
51 TO 66
ZONE 2
110
90
66
50
ZONE 3
ZONE 4
STEEL
DECK
LIGHTWEIGHT
CONCRETE SLAB
STEEL COL.
(INT)
1040 mm
STEEL COL.
(EXT.)
FALSE
CEILING
22900mm (75-0)
lumns :
USA(1972) :
(Demolished during terrorist
attack)
WORLD
TRADE
CENTRE,
NEW YORK,
USA
110
STOREYED
FRAMED
TUBE
SYSTEM
CORE COLUMNS
CONCRETE
TELEPHONE AND
POWER OUTLETS
FLOOR TILES
CORRUGATED
STEEL SHHETS
TRUSS
COVERING
UTILITY DUCTS:
TELEPHONE AND
POWER
Add text
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Floor System :
consists of 100 mm thick RCC slab over steel deck
resting on flat steel trusses, 815 mm deep, and
spanning from 10.63m to 18.3m, and spaced at 1.01
m centres.
Cavity between the trusses is used to accommodate
the A/C ducts and other service pipes.
DAMPERS : 10000 dampers installed to dampen
movements due to wind.
CONCRETE
TELEPHONE AND
POWER OUTLETS
FLOOR TILES
CORRUGATED
STEEL SHHETS
TRUSS
COVERING
UTILITY DUCTS:
TELEPHONE AND
POWER
WORLD TRADE
CENTRE BLDG
IN FIRE AFTER
TERRORIST
ATTACK
WORLD
TRADE
CENTRE IN
FIRE AFTER
TERRORIST
ATTACK A
CLOSER VIEW.
ULTRA HIGH
RISE
BUILDINGS
IT IS NOT THE
END
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