Explanation

NUR NADHIRA SHAZLYN BINTI ZULKIFLY

2014705551

FiTRIANI BINTI RUSSANI

2014983445

NURIZYAN LIYANA BTE HAMIDON

2014975061

Purpose

To explain the
processes
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natural and
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Why
Frogs are amphibians. Amphibians spend part of their
lives under water. Young frogs start their life in water as
tadpoles.
First, the female frog lays lots of eggs so some will
survive from being eaten by fsh and other animals. The eggs are
smakk and often laid inside white foam.
Next, the eggs hatch into tadpoles. Tadpoles have gills
so they can breath under water and a strong tail to help them
swim.
As the tadpoles grow bigger, they start to change
because they need to become a frog. Their tail becomes smaller
and they begin growing legs. The back legs grow frs followed by
the front legs.
Tadpoles also start to develop lungs because they have
to be ready
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land when
they become
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Tadpoles
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in billabongs,
lakes, swamps
even in puddles after heavy rain.
Scientific words

Action verbs

Sequencing words and cause and effect

Wax Cap

Inside the Honey Stomach

Nectar

Water

Nectar
in cell

1. From where do the bees drink nectar?

The bees drink nectar from
the fower

2. How do they drink it?

The bees drink nectar by
using its long tongue

Long Tongue

3.

Inside the honey stomach, what

does the enzyme change nectar into?

glucose

The enzyme change nectar

into fructose and glucose

fructose

2. After the bee return to their hive, what

do they spit from their honey
stomach?
They spit nectar from their
honey stomach
Spit nectar

5. What happen to the nectar after the

heat evaporate the water?
Water

It changes into honey

Nectar
in cell

6. How do the bees cover the cell?

Wax Cap

They cover the cell with a

wax cap

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First, bees drink nectar from fowers using their
long tongue. Their tongue helps them to reach the
nectar inside the fower.
Then, bees store the nectar in a special sac
called a honey stomach. Inside the stomach, special
enzyme changes nectar into two sugars called fructose
and glucose.
After the bees return to their hive, they spit the
nectar from its honey stomach into one of the cells.
Next, the heat in the hive evaporate water from
the nectar and it turns into honey.
Finally, the bees cover the cell with a wax cap.

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Bees are the only insects which produce food for humans.
The food the honey bee produces is unique, good tasting,
benefcial and nutricious. So, how does a bee make honey?

First, bees drink nectar from fowers using their long

tongue. Their tongue helps them to reach the nectar inside the
fower.
Then, bees store the nectar in a special sac called a honey
stomach. Inside the stomach, special enzyme changes nectar into
two sugars called fructose and glucose.
After the bees return to their hive, they spit the nectar
from its honey stomach into one of the cells.
Next, the heat in the hive evaporate water from the nectar
and it turns into honey.
Finally, the bees cover the cell with a wax cap.
Thousands of worker bees can produce over 200 pounds of
honey for the colony in a year. Imagine if there are no bees on this
earth!

Types of explanation
text

1. Sequential- details the

stages in an event
For example:
The Life Cycle of a Mosquito
From a Seed to a Tree

Life Cycle of a Frog

From a Seed to a Tree

 2. Causal- details what causes

the change from one stage to
the next
For example:
How Digestion Occurs
Why Earthquakes Occur

How Digestion Occurs

How Earthquake Occurs

 3. Consequential- explains
effects and outcomes of processes
For example:
In Science: Explain the causes of
climate change
In History: Explain the effects of
the Spanish colonization

Tsunamis occur when there is a large-scale disturbance

of the sea. The most common causes are earthquakes,
but volcanic eruptions or landslides can also have the
same effect, forcing a vast amount of water suddenly
upwards, creating enormous waves which can hit land
at up to 45mph, often with devastating effect.

When is explanation important?

These are Informal notes on the importance of
explanation in the context of scientifc theory (rather
than pedagogy, where it is also important). These are
heuristic notes, trying to lay ground work for clarifying
a concrete, practical problem in science. Comments
about any errors of argument, or history or philosophy
of science are warmly welcome.
Explanations are important when there are unsolved
problems with a theory.With what theories are there no
such unsolved problems?

When explanation is less

important
When there is only one theory, and its scope of
application is universal, and it is clear how to apply it in
new cases, and the theory is relatively easily to teach
and use and understand, it makes predictions which are
never contradicted by credible competent repeatable
experiment and it isnt generally thought of as
problematic.

When explanation is important

When there are no good theories.

When there are two or more competing theories.
When dealing with 'vexatious litigant' theories.
When the scope of validity or application of a theory is
unclear.
When it is unclear, or there is no consensus, how to
apply a theory in a substantial range of cases.
When the theory cannot be explained satisfactorily to
proverbial 12 years olds or undergrads.
When no transferable supplementary non
mathematical intuitions about the theory have yet been
developed.
When predictions are met only some of the time.