GOLONGAN DARAH

 Golongan Darah

Perbedaan golongan darah setiap orang disebabkan oleh

karena adanya Antigen (Ag) Aglutinogen pada dinding
eritrositdanadanyaantibodyspesifik(Ab)Aglutinindidalam
plasmanya

darahdonor+resipien

Tidakcocoktransfusi
olehkarenaterjadiaglutinasi

Golongan Darah ABO

Gol. Darah
O
A
B
AB

Ag.
A
B
AB

Ab.
Anti A & anti B
Anti B
Anti A
-

Blood Types with their Genotypes and their

constituent Agglutinogens and Agglutinins
Genotypes

Blood types

Agglutinogens

Agglutinins

OO

OA or AA

Anti A and
Anti B
Anti B

OB or BB

Anti A

AB

A and B

AB

Relative Frequencies
of the Different Blood Types
The prevalence of the different Blood

Types among one group of persons

studied was approximately :
O
47 %
A
41 %
B
9%
AB
3%

Blood typing, showing Agglutination of cells

of the different blood types with Anti A or
Anti B Agglutinins in the Sera
Red Blood
Cells Types
O
A
B
AB

Sera
Anti A
Anti B
+
+

+
+
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Reaksi silang

Pentingdikerjakansebelumtransfusidarah
Eritrosit&serumantaradonor&resipiendireaksikansecara
silanginvitro
r. s. mayor : erit. donor + serum resipien ada /
tidaknya aglutinin resipien yg mungkin merusak erit.
donor
r.s.minor:serumdonor+erit.resipienada/tidaknya
aglutinindonorygmempengaruhierit.resipien.
Aglutinin donor dalam sirkulasi sangat diencerkan oleh
plasma resipien < berbahaya r.s. minor dianggap
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kurangpenting

 Contoh :

DA
RB

:
:
m (+)

Ag
A
B

Ab
anti B
anti A
M (+)

Sangat diencerkan dalam tubuh R

< penting

Golongan darah Rhesus

Ag.golongandarahRh,biasanyamempunyai

antigenisitaslemah,kecualiAgDdisebut
Ag.Rh
AgRhdalameritgolonganRh(adaAg

Rh)
AgRhdalameritgolonganRh(tidakada
Rh)
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 Anyone who has this type of antigen (D antigen)

is said to be Rh positive, whereas a person who

does not have type D antigen is called to be Rh
negative

It can still cause transfusion reactions usually

much milder

About 85 % of all white people are Rh positive

and 15 % Rh negative

In American blacks the percentage of Rh positive

is about 95, whereas in African blacks, it is

10
virtually 100 percent

Rh Blood Types
The major difference between

AOB system

Rh system

The plasma agglutinins Spontaneous agglutinins

responsible for causing
almost never occur
transfusion reactions
develop spontancously
The person must first
be massively exposed to
an Rh antigen
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 When RBC containing Rh factor

Are injected
Blood does not contain Rh factor/Rh negative
person
Anti Rh agglutinins develop slowly
Reaching maximum concentration of agglutinins
about 2 to 4 months later
12

 If an Rh negative person has never before been

exposed to Rh positive blood

Transfusion of Rh positive
No Immediate reaction

Then its hemolyzed by the tissue macrophage

system
A delayed transfusion reaction occurs, although
it is usually mild
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 N :PadagolongandarahRh() Tidakada AbantiRh()

terpapar golongan darah Rh dari transfusi atau
darahbayiwaktulahir

ReaksipembentukanAb.AntiRh
terpaparlagiRh

DarahtsbakandihancurkanolehAb.antiRh

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 IbuRhbayiRhkehamilanbaikolehkarenadarah

bayiplacentaibu.Waktupersalinan jaringan
placentarusakdarahbayikeibu.
imunitas ibu membentuk Ab anti Rh. Beberapa tahun
kemudian,ibuhamilII:bayiRhantiRhibukebayi
menghancurkan darah bayi anemia hemolitik
ErythroblastosisFetalis

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Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Is a disease of the fetus and new

born child
Characterized by aglutination and
phagocytosis of the fetuss RBCs

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The mother is Rh (-)

The father Rh (+)

The baby has

Inherited the Rh (+) antigen
The mother develops anti Rh agglutinins from
exposure to the fetuss Rh antigen

The mothers agglutinins diffuse

through the placenta into the fetus
Cause RBC agglutination
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Treatment of the Erythroblastosis Fetalis

To replace the neonates blood with Rh ()

blood by infused over period of 1,5 or

more hours while the neonates own Rh (+)
blood is being removed (during the first
few weeks of life)

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