Mining Safety Challenges and

Business Opportunities

Presented by
Mr. S S Shrivastava
(Head-Jindal Open Cast Coal
Mines)

Indian Mining Industry Mineral

Subgroups (%-age share category
wise)

Indian Mineral
Resources

Introduction

Hazard A situation with the potential to

cause harm or danger.
Unsafe Act Unsafe act is any act that
deviates from a generally recognized safe way
or specified method of doing a job and which
increases the probabilities for an accident.
Unsafe Condition
Unsafe conditions are
unsatisfactory physical condition existing in a
workplace which render it unsafe.
Risk The
likelihood that the harm from a
particular hazard is realized.
Contd.

Introduction

Accident Undesired and unplanned

events which may cause personal injury,
damage to property or equipment, or loss
of output, or all three.
Dangerous
Occurrences
/
Reportable
Incidents events or situations that could
harm employees at work in such a way that
there is a legal requirement to report them.
Near Miss These are any form of accident
which could result in injury or loss but does
not.

Cause Effect Pyramid

Effects of Accident
Physical & Mental damage (trauma),
with a possibility of fatalities.
Loss
of Machinery, Human and
Economical Resources.
Loss of market reputation.
Reduced
commitment and job
satisfaction, resulting in higher
turnover.

Safety Regulatory Features

of Indian Mining Industries

A Separate Act (Mines Act 1952) & Rules

(Mines Rules 1955) & Regulations (CMR 1957
& MMR 1961) govern the working of mines.
Directorate General of Mines Safety has been
formed for ensuring safe working in Mines.
Entry is restricted in the mine areas without the
DGMS approved PPEs.
Statutory Certificates are issued by DGMS to the
competent persons after suitable examination/s
for working in supervisory & management
positions in mines.

Mining Legislation
Mines ACT,
1952
CMR, 1957
(- For Technical
Matters related to
Mines)

Mines Rule, 1956

(- For Welfare &
Amenities related to
Mines)
Mandato
ry

Circular
s

Recommendato
ry

By-Laws & Standing Orders to be framed & implemented by

statutory persons holding higher management positions at unit
level

Role of Technology in Enhancing

ROLL - OVER PROTECTOR Safety
Rear View Camera

AFDSS

TDS

Role of Technology in Enhancing

Remote Controlled LHD
Safety

Remote Controlled Dozer

Hydraulic Jumbo drill

Unmanned Mining

Accident Statistics of Indian Coal

Mines
Falling Trend

Have we Reached the

limit of safe working
with these?
Or
We are at the

Hierarchy of Hazard Mitigation

Methods
(Eliminate human
Elimination

being from exposure)

Substitution

(Substitute jobs to
reduce exposure)

Engineering/Isolation

(Use of technology
to reduce exposure)

Administration Control

(Training, SOP etc.)

Personal Protective Equipment

New Concepts of Safety Beyond

Minimum Regulatory
Requirements
ZERO HARM
Behavior Based Safety

OHSAS - 18001

Zero Harm
Definition: - Zero Harm means no one (employees,
service
providers,
customers,
community,
and
stakeholders) will suffer any harm (mental or physical).
In crux Zero Harm can be explained as:
Zero fatalities;
Zero permanently disabling injuries;
Zero injuries to members of the public; and
Zero long-term harm to health.
Moreover, at the heart of Zero Harm is a commitment to
eliminate the risk of serious harm to employees, partners
and the public.

Building a Sustainable Zero

Harm Culture 5 steps

Contd.

Zero Harm Culture 5 steps

Reporting Culture :
Reporting culture is the willingness of employees to report incidents
including near misses and errors. The depth of a reporting culture is
directly impacted by a just culture.

Risk Aware Culture :

Risk Controls are known and understood at all levels, with this
understanding of risk underpinning how we approach our project
delivery whilst encouraging an innovation to counter existing or
developing risks.
Contd.

Zero Harm Culture 5 steps

Learning Culture :
The learning culture refers to the ability and readiness of the
organization to analyze safety related data, draw conclusions and
act upon the recommendations.

Informed Culture :
An informed culture refers to the level of awareness, and currency
of awareness, by management and operators of the human,
equipment, technological, process and environmental factors which
could impact operational safety.

Contd.

Zero Harm Culture 5 steps

Just Culture :
A just culture is one in which reporting is actively encouraged with
an emphasis on learning from these reports versus blaming those
involved. Employees are aware of the difference between
acceptable and non-acceptable behavior A clearly communicated
set of non - negotiables and a consequence management
framework are accepted.

SIX Basic questions to ask

(1)What am I accountable for?
(2)What are the key hazards and risk in my area of accountability?
(3)How do I go about maintaining a clear picture of the key risks in
my area of accountability?
(4)What Critical Controls can be used to manage these risks, by
eliminating them and if not practicable to do so, by controlling
them?
(5)How do I know these controls are actually in place?
(6)How do I know these controls are effective in managing the
risks?

Commitments for Zero Harm

Zero Harm means delivering on the following shared commitments:
Eliminating hazards: All our businesses will identify and plan out
hazards in all activities they undertake.
Eliminating fatal risks: All our businesses will identify fatal risks and
establish Zero Harm design, management and behavioural protocols
to eliminate them.
Maintaining Zero Harm day to day: All our businesses will establish
and maintain management, monitoring, review, audit and assurance
systems geared for Zero Harm.

Contd.

Commitments for Zero Harm

Keeping the public safe from harm: All our businesses will
manage and maintain Zero Harm levels of separation, security,
monitoring and stewardship to safeguard members of the public
from exposure to our hazards.
Keeping all our people healthy: All our businesses will
conduct health checks and health risk assessments to ensure
there is no long-term harm to health from working in our
business.
Working with our customers: All our businesses will enlist the
support and co-operation of customers to achieve Zero Harm.
Making safety personal: All our people will make safety a
personal commitment.

Zero Harm is about going home safely

at the end of each day and making sure
the person working next to you does the
same. Zero Harm is a mutual promise
and commitment: were family, and we
are dedicated to looking out for one
another. Embracing Zero Harm is the first
step toward creating a safe workplace
and a stellar safety and performance
record.

New Concepts of Safety Beyond

Minimum Regulatory
Requirements
ZERO HARM
Behavior Based Safety

OHSAS - 18001

Why Behavior Based Safety

Safety is about people.
Compliance is not sufficient.
Consequences drive behavior.
Motivating
Performance Feedback
Truly proactive
Broad awareness
Deep Involvement
Proven effective
Transcends workplace safety

Behavior Based Safety: What

It?
An excellent toolIsfor
collecting data on
the quality of a companys
management system

safety

A scientific way to understand why

people behave the way they do when it
comes to safety
Properly applied, an effective next
step towards creating a truly pro-active
safety culture where loss prevention is
a core value
Conceptually easy to understand but
often hard to implement and sustain

Behavior Based Safety: What

Is It Not!
Only about observation
and feedback
Concerned only about the behaviors of
line employees
A substitution for traditional risk
management techniques
About cheating & manipulating people &
aversive control
A focus on incident rates without a focus
on behavior
A process that does not need employee
involvement

Traditional Safety Preventive

Process
Safety

Training
R
e
p
r
i
m
a
n
d
s
Safety
Meetings

Policies

Fewer
Acciden
ts
Contes
ts &
Award

Slogan
s

R
e
g
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
Committe s
es &

BBS A cyclic process

Implementation of BBS
1. Focus intervention on observable behavior.
2. Look for external factors to understand and improve
behavior.
3.
Direct
with
consequences.

activators

and

motivate

with

4. Focus on positive consequences to motivate behavior.

5. Apply the scientific method to improve intervention.
6. Use theory to integrate information, not to limit
possibilities.
7. Design interventions with consideration of internal
feelings and attitudes.

Facts about Human

Human Behavior is
a function of : :
Behavior

Activators (what needs to be done)

Competencies (how it needs to be done)
Consequences (what happens if it is done)
Human Behavior is both :

Observable
Measurable

Therefore, Behavior can be Managed

ABC Model
Antecedents (Activators)
(trigger behavior)

Behavior (Competencies)
(human performance)

Consequences
(reinforce desirable or punish undesirable
behavior)

Four types of Consequences

Positive Reinforcement (R+)
("Do this & you'll be rewarded")

Negative Reinforcement (R-)

Behavior

("Do this or else you'll be penalized")

Punishment (P)

("If you do this, you'll be penalized")

Extinction (E)

("Ignore it and it'll go away")

Three Basic questions for BBS

What
behaviors
observed?

are

being

Why are those behaviors present?

Now What will be done to correct
the system deficiencies?

Behavior Based Safety Flow

chart

New Concepts of Safety Beyond

Minimum Regulatory
Requirements
ZERO HARM
Behavior Based Safety

OHSAS - 18001

Introduction
OHSAS : Part of the overall management system that
facilities the management of the Occupational Health &
Safety risks associated with the business of the organization
This includes the organizational structure, planning activities,
responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and
resources for developing and achieving, reviewing and
maintaining the organizations Occupational Health & Safety
policy.
Standard : A document, established by consensus and
approved by a recognized body, that provides for common
and repeated use, rules, guidelines, or characteristics for
activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the
optimum degree of order in a given context
British Standards Institute

Formation of OHSAS 18001 :

2007
Originally developed in early 1990s as BS 8800.
Revised in 2007 by BSI to be more compatible with ISO
14001.
Framework for an effective Occupational Health & Safety
Management System.
17 elements designed in parallel to ISO 14001.
Allows third-party certification / registration.

PDCA

PDCA OHSAS
Implementation
Formulate
Policy, Assess risk

* Plan :
(HI & RA),
identify applicable regulations, Define Objectives.
* Do : Identify responsibility and accountability,
training, communicate, Documentation, controls
and preparation for emergencies.
* Check : Monitor, Record, Internal Audit (Check,
Examination, Review, Assessment), Check for
compliance status.
* Act to improve : Corrective Actions (C.A.) &
Preventive Actions (P.A.) formulation, Long and
short term goal selection. Implement philosophy of
small but continuous improvement ( KAIZEN) in
each cycle.

OHSAS Procedure

Benefits of OHSAS
1)Improved
o

OHS performance

Prevent health and safety hazard

2)Reduced

liability
3)Fewer accidents
4)Reduced costs
o

Prevent ill health in the first place than to medication

5)Improved
o
o

public image

Enhanced customer trust

Competitive advantage

6)Better

access to capital

Simplified Model of OHSAS

18001