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DEFINITION:
Bandaging is the process of covering a wound or
an injured part.
USES:
Bandages are used for following purposes:
To prevent contamination of wound by holding
dressings in position.
To provide support to the part that is injured,
sprained or dislocated joint.
To provide rest to the part that is injured.
To prevent & control hemorrhage.
TYPES OF BANDAGES:
Triangular Bandage.
Roller Bandage.
Special Bandage. E.g. T- bandage.
Cotton
Cotton gauze
Jute
Wool
Special materials like crape bandage,
elastic bandage.
PARTS TRIANGULARLAR OF
BANDAGE
POINT
END
(BASE)
END
SIZES OF BANDAGE:
The size of the bandage varies according to
the part it is supposed to bandage
Part To be Bandaged
Width(Cm)
Length (Mts)
Head
Trunk
Leg
Arm
Fingers
Hand
Wrist
5
10 to 15
6 to 8
5 to 6
2.5
5
5
4 to 6
6 to 8
4
3 to 4
2
3
3
Simple spiral
Reverse spiral
Figure of eight.
Spica
1. Simple Spiral :
This type of bandage is used for uniform
thickness part i.e. wrist or finger. Each turn
of the bandage overlaps the previous turn.
2.Reverse Spiral:
This bandage is used for the parts where
the thickness varies e.g. legs & forearms.
It is applied in the same way as the
general spiral bandage, but each turn is
reversed as necessary to prevent gaping &
to make the bandage smooth.
3.Figure of Eight:
This bandage is used for elbow & knee
joints. This bandage is made by forming
two loops or oblique turns over a joint. The
turns alternately ascend & descend to
cover the part.
4.Spica:
It is a form of the figure of eight bandage.
The turn is larger than the other. It is
used for joints at right angles to the body,
e.g. the shoulder, groin, thumb.
5.Special Bandages:
A). Many Tail Bandage:
This bandage is usually used for
abdominal wounds & chest injuries. It is
prepared from a number of strips or tails
of flannel or cotton material. It is 4 to 6
inches wide & has sufficient length to
cover the affected part.
SLINGS
Definition:Slings are used to provide support and
protection for injured arms, wrists and
hands or for immobilising an upperlimb
when there are arm or chest injuries.
1: Arm sling
Support of forearm
Forming sling
Improvised sling
Improvised sling
SPLINTS
A splint is a rigid appliance, usually made of wood or
metal, which is tied to a fractured limb to support it
and prevent movement from taking place at the site
of fracture.
Using a Splint:-
Side bars
Distal -W
Indications
Skeletal traction is applied through this
frame for comminuted trochanteric
fractures of the femur.
It is also used for the treatment of fracture
shaft femur and supracondylar fractures of
the femur.
Rarely it can be used for the fracture shaft
of tibia and fibula.
One important precaution which should be
taken while using the BB splint is to provide
support at the fracture site and not at the
knee joint to prevent angulation especially
in supracondylar fractures of femur.
PNEUMATIC SPLINTS
These are the present generation splints
and are more aesthetic, light and effective.
They consist of the splints made up of
pneumatic material and can be easily
applied to the limbs by inflating it with air.
They provide a tight fit and are more
comfortable to the patient.
Most of the ambulances today carry these
splints which are easy to transport unlike
the crude and hard Thomas splints, etc.
Care of the Splints by the Nurse1. Padding- The splint should ,be well padded
at the bony prominences and at the injury
sites.
2. Bandage- This should be tied with optimum
pressure.
3. Exercises -Active exercises of the joints
and muscles should be permitted within
the splints.
4. Checking -Daily checking and adjustments
of the splints are recommended.
5. Neurovascular status- Distal neurovascular
status should be assessed daily.