Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Presentation by Brian
Meyer
Topics to Be Discussed:
Introduction:
Work
Brief History of Artificial Heart Valves
Types of Artificial Valves
(Examples,Materials Used)
In-Depth Look Bjork-Shiley Valves (Why
Failed? And Lessons to be learned)
Heart/Heart Valves
Heart consists of:
Right Atrium and Ventricle
Atrium
Left Atrium and Ventricle
Two Types of Valves:
Atrioventricular Valve:
separates the atrium from
the ventricle
Semi-Lunar Valve: separates
the ventricles from the
outgoing blood vessels
Heart/Heart Valves
Right Atrioventricular Valve:
Tricuspid Valve
Left Atrioventricular Valve:
Bicuspid Valve
Right Semi-Lunar Valve:
Pulmonary Valve
Left Semi-Lunar Valve:
Aortic Valve
Purpose of Valves: Prevent
backflow, or flow of blood back
into chamber from which it came
Heart/Heart Valves
When Ventricle expands:
atrioventricular valve allows blood
to flow forward to the atrium into
the ventricle while the semilunar
valve prevents blood from flowing
back in heart
When Ventricle contracts:
atrioventricular valve closes to
prevent backflow while semilunar
valve allows blood to body or lungs
Prevention of backflow: ensures the
proper direction of flow and
reduces amount of work heart must
do to pump blood
Nine Commandments:
Embolism Prevention
Durability
Ease and Security of Attachment
Preservation of Surrounding Tissue Function
Reduction of Turbulance
Reduction of Blood Trauma
Reduction of Noise
Use of Materials Compatible with Blood
Development of Methods of Storage and Sterilization
Mechanical Valves:
Ball Valves
This design uses a spherical occluder, or blocking
device, held in place by a welded metal cage
Problem and Why failed: Natural heart valves allow
blood to flow straight through the center of the
valve (central flow)
Caged-ball valves completely blocked central flow and
collisions with the occluder ball caused damage to
blood cells
Finally, these valves stimulated thrombosis, or
formation of blood clots
Mechanical Valves:
Single Leaflet Disc Valves
Medtronic-Hall Valve
Model: Medtronic-Hall
A7700 (aortic), M7700
(mitral)
Type: Aortic and Mitral
Tilting Disk
Materials: Cage-titanium,
Disk-Pyrolytic carbon,
sewing ring-knitted
teflon
Mechanical Valves:
Bileaflet Disc Heart Valves
Heterograft or
Xenograft Vavles
Most commonly used
tissues are the porcine
(pig) valve tissue and
Bovine (cow) pericardial
tissue
Homografts(Human to Human)
Homografts
Bjork-Shiley Valve:
Initial Fracture Assessment
Investigators determined
that the floating disc opens
and slams shut at least 70
times per minute or 40
million times per year,
causing fatigue failure
Although changes were
made, fractures continued to
occur
Finally, in 1984, Shiley
discovered the source, known
as Bimodal Closure
Phenomenon
Bjork-Shiley Valve:
Role of the FDA