DETERMINING BODY HEIGHT MEASUREMENT

USING THE LENGTH OF TIBIA BONE

Dosen Penguji :
dr. Arif Rahman Sadad,SH,Sp.F,MSi,Med,DHM
Residen Pembimbing :
dr. Wian Pisia Anggreliana

Introduction

BACKGROUND
Forensic Medicine
Forensic Identification
Have an important roles to
identify someones identity
-Cases of mutilation and

accidents in Indonesia
-133(3) KUHAP

PROBLEM

Is there any significant

correlation between
body height
measurement and the
lower extremity (Tibia
bone) length of co-ass
at RSUP Kariadi
Semarang ?

GOAL of RESEARCH

Goal

To determine
whether the
identification of
body height can be
determined by
measuring the
length of the tibia
bone

RESEARCH BENEFITS
1. For Researchers

2. For General Populations

3. For Forensic medicine

4. For other Researchers

To gain knowledge
in the field of
anatomy,
To gain knowledge
forensics,
and
about
anthropometric
correlation
Source
of data
between
bodyor
references
in
height
and tibia
anthropometric
bone for
References
study
other researchers
who wants to study
with another
methods

THEORITICAL REVIEW

Internal Factors:
Genetic

Bone Growth

Sex
Eksternal Factor :
Environment
Nutrition Intake
Drug
Disease

Body Height

The Length of tibia bone

Independent
Variable

Dependent
Variable

The body height

Conceptual Structure

HYPOTHESIS

The length of tibia bone can be used

as a tool to measure body height of
individuals

BASED THEORY

Bone is connective tissue which is rigid

and form the largest part of the
skeletal, and is a main supporting
tissue of the body

Consists of two types of bone:

1. substantia spongiosa
2. substantia compacta

Functions of Bone
1. To Establish skeleton
2. To Establish joint
3. Muscles attachment
4. Supports the body
5. As a protection
6. Hematopoiesis
7. Immunology
8. Store of minerals

Bone classification
Based on Shape
1. Long bones
2. Short bones
3. Flat bones
4. Irregular bones
5. Sesamoid bones

Anatomy Bone Tibia

Tibia is a lower leg
bones. Its large and
located on the medial
side, and the longest
bone in the lower
extremities after
femur

The Development of Bones

Osteogenesis

membranous

endochondral

Longitudin
al growth

Remodellin
g

Bone
growth

Modelling

Radial
growth

Body Height
Height is a measurement result with the vertical distance from the highest
point of the head (cranium) called vertex to the lowest point of the
calcaneus bone which touching the floor.
Height can be used as a parameter to determine the state of the
body.
Height depends on genetic and environmental factors.
Adult males tend to be higher than adult female, and male usually
having a longer limb, because they have bigger limb and bigger
muscle.

Lordosis

Spine
Deformities

Kyphosis

Scoliosis

Height Measurement Formula

Amri Amir Formula
Formula made by Prof.dr.Amri Amir in 1989 is
based on an examination of the lives of male
and female young adult.
Tibia length (cm) = 1.12 x tibia length + 124.88

 Parikh Formula
This formula is based on an examination of the
dry bones
Men:
TB (cm) = Tibia x 4.49
Women:
TB (cm) = Tibia x 4.46

 Djaja Surya Atmadja Formula

A formula given by Jaya against adults who lived
a long, long bones were measured from outside
the body, following the skin on the outside.
Men based on tibia length:
TB = 75,9800 + 2,3922 (tibia length)
Women based on tibia length:
TB = 77,4717 + 2,1889 (tibia length)

Forensic
Identification
Forensic
identification is the
effort made with the
goal of helping
investigators to
determine a person's
identity

Anthropology, anthropometry,
and mutilation
Forensic anthropology is defined as a field of study that
deals with the examination of materials believed to be the
man to answer medical questions of law, including those
related to identification

Mutilation is a condition where the body was found

are no longer intact in the form of pieces of body
parts caused by a criminal act.

Anthropometry is a series of
systematic measurement technique
that
reveals
the
quantitative
dimensions of the human body and
skeleton

METHODS of RESEARCH

Descriptive
analitic

Type of
Research
program

Cross
sectional

Location and time

A. Instalation forensic of Kariadi

hospital

Semarang

B. 24 November - 4 December 2015

SUBJECT
Target: Collage student which through
period of clinical working in Kariadi
Hospital
POPULATION

Sample

Affordable:
Collage
student which through
period of clinical working
in forensic instalation of
Kariadi
Hospital
Semarang

Collage student which through

period of clinical working in
forensic instalation of Kariadi
Hospital Semarang since 30
November 4 December 2015

C
R
I
T
E
R
I
A
S
A
M
P
L
E

1. Collage student
which
approval to
participate on
Inclusion
this research
2. Age >21
3. Do not ever have
incident of
fracture skeleton
4. Have
not physical
1. Collage
student
disability
which have
not normal height
2. College student
which
disable to standing
excluci
perfect
on
with unknown reason

Technic sampling

Total sampling

Saturated
sample

103
respondent

Procedure research

Preparation research

Informed Consent

Verification of
inclusi and
excluci criteria

Analyze data

Measurement
height and tibia
length

Identified sample

Mapping an output

Primary
conclusion of
research

INSTRUMEN RESEARCH
Height

Stature Meter/
Growth Chart

Tibia Length

Length measurement

Measurement height

Measurement tibia length

ANALYZING DATA
1. The output will be served in
descriptive format which
describing variable of research

2. 2. Find out correlation

between variable
3. Calculation regresi format
about measurement of height
and tibia length based on sex
(men and woman)

4. Primary conclusion

Results of Research and

Analysis

Distribution Of Respondents
Measurements

Results

Average Height (Mean)

162,7 cm

Average Tibia Length (Mean)

37,8 cm

Minimum Height

145 cm

Minimum Tibia Length

32 cm

Maximum Height

181 cm

Maximum Tibia Length

44 cm

Total

103 peoples

Distribution Of Respondents by Sex

Sex

Male

33

32

Female

70

68

Total

103

100

Height Comparison of Male and Female

Measurements

Mean

sd

Male Height

33

171,30 cm

7.10927

Female Height

70

158,70 cm

5.62630

Comparison of Tibia Length Between Men and

Women

Measurements n

Mean

sd

Tibia
Length 33
(Male)

40,2 cm

1.87113

Tibia
Length 70
(Female)

37 cm

1.86220

Relationship Between Tibia Length and Height

(Female)
Measurements Pearson
n
Correlation (r)

Tibia
Length 0,797
and
Height
(Female)

0,000

70

Relationship Between Tibia Length and Height (Male)

Measurements Pearson
n
Correlation (r)

Tibia
Length 0,634
and
Height
(Male)

0,000

33

Relationship Between Tibia Length and Height (Male

and Female)
Measurements Pearson
n
Correlation (r)

Tibia
Length 0,866
and
Height
(Male
and
Female)

0,000

103

Relationship between Tibia Length and Height based

on Linier Regression (Male and Female)
Measureme B
nts

SE

Beta

Constanta

51.669

6.403

0.000

Tibia
Length

2.933

0.169

0.866

0.000

Formulation for Height = 51.669 + 2.993 (Tibia Length)

Relationship between Tibia Length and

Height based on Linier Regression (Female)
Measurem B
ents
Constanta 62.345

SE

Beta

8.849

0.000

Tibia
Length

0.241

0.797

0.000

2.622

Formulation for Height (Female) = 62.345 +

2.622 (Tibia Length)

Relationship between Tibia Length and

Height based on Linier Regression (Male)
Measure B
ments

SE

Beta

Constant 94.605
a

16.824

0.000

Tibia
Length

0.418

0.634

0.000

1.906

Formulation for Height (Male) = 94.605 +

1.906 (Tibia Length)

Comparison of Researchers Formulation and

Previous Formulation (Parikh formulation, Djaja
Surya Atmadja formulation) to calculate height
based on tibia length (Male and Female)
Formulation

Researchers
Formulation

Sampels
Numbers
28
(Male),
Tibia
Length = 40 cm
171,38 cm

Sampels
Ket
Number
17
(Female) ,Tibia
Length = 38 cm
165,40 cm
Approach
Height

Amri
Amir 169,68 cm
Formulation

167,44 cm

Actual Height

165 cm

171 cm

Approach
Height

Actual

Actual

Comparison of Researchers Formulation and

Previous Formulation (Parikh formulation, Djaja
Surya Atmadja formulation) to calculate height
based on Tibia Length (Female)
Formulation

Female Sampels
Number
Eight
,Tibia Length: 36
cm

Female Sampels Note

Number
fifty,
Tibia Length: 35
cm

Researchers
Formulation

156,737 cm

154,115 cm

Approach
height

actual

Parikh
Formulation

160,56 cm

156,1 cm

Approach
height

actual

154,0285 cm

Approach actual
height

Djaja
Surya 156,27 cm
Atmadja
Formulation
Actual height
156 cm,

155 cm

Comparison of Researchers Formulation and

Previous Formulation (Parikh formulation, Djaja
Surya Atmadja formulation) to calculate height
based on tibia length (Male)
Formulation

Male
Sampels
Number
Sixteen
,Tibia
Length: 42 cm

Male
Sampels Note
Number Twenty
Two
Tibia
Length: 38 cm

Researchers
Formulation

174.657 cm

167,033 cm

Approach
height

actual

Parikh
Formulation

188.58 cm

170.62 cm

Approach
height

actual

166,8836 cm

Approach actual
height

Djaja
Surya 176.4524 cm
Atmadja
Formulation
Actual height
175 cm

168 cm

CLOSING

RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
1. The Correlation between these variables are not a
causality correlation because this study used cross
sectional design which can only assess the correlation
between these variables in one period at a time
2.

The population of sample used during this study only

came from the CO-ASS students in the Forensic
department . Because of this, the final result of this
research cannot be used to describe the general
population as a whole.

3. The chances of Bias during the data collection

CONCLUSION

The result of the research and discussion , we

concluded that there is a strong correlation
between the length of tibia bone and the body
height of individuals
The body height can be determined using the
length of tibia bone based by the sexes of
individual

The conclusions are the individual body height can

be determined using these regression formula:
If the gender are undetermined:
BH = 51,669 + 2,993(Tibia length)
If the gender can be determined:
BH = 62,345 + 2,622(Female Tibia length)
BH = 94,605 + 1,906 (Male Tibia length)

SUGGESTION
Using different body part in future researchs
and using larger populations

Review and reevaluation of the study so

the regression formula can be used to
determine the body height of individuals
under the age of 21 years old
The same research can also be used using
different ethnics in Indonesia to gain more
data for this formula .

THANK YOU