Conceptos Bsicos de Internet

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Federico David CARNERO

SNCHEZ 5toA.

Conceptos Bsicos de Internet

NDICE:
QU ES INTERNET
CONCEPTOS BSICOS
SERVICIOS DE INTERNET
BUSCADORES Y PGINAS
BSQUEDA DE INFORMAC
IN
INTRANET
EXTRANET
WEB 2.0
BIBLIOGRAFA
Conceptos Bsicos de Int
ernet

QU ES INTERNET
Introduccin:
Es un gran red de redes mundial de computadoras
interconectadas por medio de sistemas de telecomunicaciones.

Origen:
La red de redes naci de una red denominada ARPANET que en
1969 conectaba universidades y sedes militares del Ministerio de Defensa de
USA. para ayudar a los investigadores a compartir informacin y analizar
como mantener las comunicaciones en caso de recibir un ataque nuclear.

Conceptos Bsicos de I
nternet

CONCEPTOS BSICOS

WWW
HTTP
HTTPS
HTML
HIPERTEXTO
URL
NAVEGADORES o BROWSER
ISP
IP
WEB 2.0

Conceptos Bsicos de Int

ernet

WWW

HTTP

World (Mundial)
Wide (Amplia) Web
(Tela de araa).
Servicio mundial
basado en modelo
de hipertextos
flexible, que
trabaja con
cualquier sistema
operativo y

Hyper Text Transfer

Protocol (Protocolo de
transferencia de
hipertextos). Permite
acceder desde una pgina
Web a cualquier otra
pgina Web almacenada
en un servidor HTTP
situado en cualquier parte
del mundo.
Ejemplo: www.google.com

Conceptos Bsicos de I
nternet

HTTPS

HTML

Secure Hypertext
Transfer Protocol:
Versin segura ms
encriptada del protocolo
HTTP con el propsito
de prevenir que otro
usuario intercepte la
comunicacin entre un
usuario y un sitio WEB.
Ejemplo:
www.paypal.com

HTML (HyperText
Markup Language,
Lenguaje de
Marcado de
Hipertextos): Es la
base estructural
estndard en la que
estn diseadas las
pginas de la World
Wide Web.

Conceptos Bsicos de I
nternet

HIPERTEXTO
Es el concepto en
el que se basa la
WEB. Son datos
que contienen
vnculos con otros
datos o con
recursos.

Conceptos Bsicos de I
nternet

URL
URL (Uniform
Resource
Locator,
Localizador
Uniforme de
Recursos):
direccin
electrnica.

NAVEGADORES
O BROWSERS
Navegador (browser o
visualizador): programa que
permite leer documentos en la
Web y seguir sus enlaces
(links) de hipertexto para
luego mostrar en el monitor el
resultado en formato
multimedia.
Ejemplos:
Browser para Windows:
Internet Explorer
Browser para MAC OS:
Safari
Browser para varias plataformas:
Opera; Netscape; Mozilla
Firefox.

Conceptos Bsicos de I
nternet

ISP
El Proveedor
Servicios de
Internet (PSI o ISP
en ingls), es la
empresa que ofrece
el servicio de
conexin dial-in o
dedicado (Internet)
al usuario.

IP
Cada computador que se conecta a
Internet se identifica de manera
inequvoca con una direccin IP nica
que puede ser fija o dinmica. Las
direcciones IP estn compuestas por
4 nmeros comprendidos entre el 0 y
el 255, separados por puntos.

Conceptos Bsicos de I
nternet

10

SERVICIOS DE INTERNET
WWW
SINCRONICOS
ASINCRONICOS

Conceptos Bsicos de Int

ernet

11

WWW
Es un sistema de entrega de
informacin que puede presentar
muchos tipos de datos distintos, y
que le permite acceder a una serie
de servicios.

Conceptos Bsicos de I
nternet

12

SINCRNICOS
CHAT
VIDEOCONFERENCIAS
SERVICIOS DE TELEFONA

Conceptos Bsicos de Int

ernet

13

CHAT
Sistemas de conversacin en lnea
que permiten que varias personas de
cualquier parte del mundo conversen
en tiempo real a travs de sus
teclados, sobre los temas ms
variados.

Conceptos Bsicos de I
nternet

14

VIDEOCONFERENCIAS
LA VIDEOCONFERENCIA es un
sistema que permite transmitir y
recibir la informacin visual y sonora
entre puntos o zonas diferentes del
Globo, evitando as los gastos y
perdidas de tiempo que implica el
traslado fsico de la persona.

Conceptos Bsicos de I
nternet

15

SERVICIOS DE TELEFONIA
Dentro de los Servicios de Telefona incluimos los siguientes:
Servicio Bsico Telefnico (SBT)
Servicio de Telefona Local (STL)
Servicios de Telefona de Larga Distancia Nacional (STLDN)
Servicios de Telefona de Larga Distancia Internacional (STLDI)
Servicios de Telefona General (STLDNI)
Servicios de Telefona Pblica (STP)
Servicios de Telefona Mvil, los que a su vez se
clasifican en:
STM
SRMC
PCS

Conceptos Bsicos de I
nternet

16

ASINCRNICOS

CORREO ELECTRNICO
FTP
FOROS DE DISCUSIN
TELNET
NEWSGROUP
WEBLOGS
PODSCAST
FOTOLOG

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CORREO ELECTRNICO
Es un servicio de red para permitir a
los usuarios enviar y recibir mensajes
mediante sistemas de comunicacin
electrnicos.

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FTP
FTP (File Transfer Protocol,
protocolo de transferencia de
archivos): servicio de Internet que
permite transferir archivos (upload y
download) entre computadoras
conectadas a Internet.
Ejemplo: ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/

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FOROS DE DISCUSIN
Un foro de discusin o tabln de
anuncios es un rea Web dinmica
que permite que distintas personas
se comuniquen.

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TELNET
Es el protocolo estndar de Internet
que permite realizar un servicio de
conexin desde un Terminal remoto.

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NEWSGROUP
GRUPO DE NOTICIAS
(Newsgroups): Conjunto de listas
de correo, en torno a las cuales los
internautas debaten sobre temas
variados.

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WEBLOGS
BLOG (Web Log, Bitcora de
Web): Se le llama blog Al sitio Web
formado por artculos (posts) que
permite la publicacin peridica en
una pgina Web, generalmente
personal, de eventos cronolgicos.
Puede ser al estilo de foros de
discusin.
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PODSCAST
Grabacin de secuencias de audio con alguna
aplicacin de escritorio o Web, y posterior
distribucin a travs de Internet.
Por ejemplo:
http://www.podcast-es.org
http://www.podcastellano.com
http://www.podsonoro.com
http://www.podnova.com
http://www.ippoder.org
http://proyectogrimm.net (podscast educacin)
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FOTOLOG
La palabra fotolog (o fotoblog) originalmente
se refera a una variante de blog, que consiste
bsicamente en una galera de imgenes
fotogrficas publicadas regularmente por uno
o ms amantes de la fotografa donde El texto
es tanto o ms importante que la foto.

Fotolog:
Ejemplos:
fotolog.com
photofriday.com

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BUSCADORES Y PGINAS
SITIO WEB: Concepto. Elementos que
componen la direccin.
DOMINIO
DIRECTORIOS
BUSCADOR
FAVORITO
PGINA DE INICIO
PGINA WEB
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SITIO WEB
Sitio (site, sitio Web): Es un
conjunto coherente y unificado de
pginas y objetos intercomunicados,
almacenados en un servidor.

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DOMINIO
Son la traduccin para las personas de
las direcciones IP de los servidores
donde se encuentra alojado un sitio
Web.
Por ejemplo: coldplay.com es un nombre
de dominio.

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DIRECTORIOS
DIRECTORIO (Directory): Este
trmino hace referencia al espacio
lgico en que se convierten cada una
de las subdivisiones de una
estructura jerrquica, que contiene la
informacin almacenada en una
computadora.

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BUSCADOR
Buscador: sitio Web asociado a una
base datos por medio del cual se
pueden encontrar contenidos en
Internet.
Yahoo Google MSN Search Altavista

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FAVORITO
Favoritos (sealadores o
bookmarks): seccin del men de
un navegador en la que se pueden
almacenar las direcciones de los
sitios preferidos para volver a ellos
eligindolos con un simple clic desde
el men.

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PGINA DE INICIO
Home page (pgina principal o
de entrada): El trmino hace
referencia a la pgina principal o de
acceso a un sitio.

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PGINA WEB
SITIO WEB (Website): Punto de la
red con una direccin nica y al que
pueden ingresar los usuarios para
obtener informacin.

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BSQUEDA DE INFORMACIN
Por Temas
Por Clave de Bsqueda

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POR TEMAS
Las bsquedas por tema exigen
estrechar la bsqueda, tema por
tema, hasta llegar al punto de
inters. Sin embargo, son ms
precisas y resultan ideales cuando se
quiere obtener una gran variedad de
fuentes.

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POR CLAVE DE BSQUEDA

Lenguaje Natural
Frases Literales
Trminos Requeridos y trminos
excluidos
Comodines
Bsqueda avanzada
Maysculas y minsculas
Uso de tildes
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Lenguaje
Natural

Frases
Literales

Una forma de
plantear la
bsqueda consiste
en escribir
sencillamente lo
que se desea
encontrar, por
ejemplo: Internet
en educacin

Si se desea
encontrar las
pginas Web que
contienen
determinada frase,
conviene escribir
sta entre comillas

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Trminos
requeridos

Trminos
excluidos

Para especificar la
bsqueda, algunos
buscadores proponen
la utilizacin del
smbolo + ("ms")
junto a la palabra
requerida
obligatoriamente.

Mediante el signo
(menos) junto a la
palabra que no
queremos que aparezca
en el listado de
resultados, podemos
decirle que no
queremos que nos
muestre documentos en
los que aparece esa
palabra que le sigue al
signo (menos).

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Comodines
El uso de
comodines (*) sirve
para que busque
tanto las palabras
en singular como
plural o las races
de palabras.

Conceptos Bsicos de I
nternet

Bsqueda
Avanzada
Cada sitio propone un
conjunto de opciones
para acotar an ms
los resultados de una
bsqueda (por
ejemplo, fecha de
publicacin o
modificacin de la
pgina, y el idioma
de las pginas).

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Maysculas y
Uso de Tildes
Minsculas
Si se pone la palabra en
minsculas, se buscan
todas las palabras, tanto
en maysculas como en
minsculas. Por el
contrario, si se pone la
palabra en maysculas
(o solo la primera letra)
solo busca aquellas
palabras que se hayan
escrito con maysculas.
Por lo tanto, en general
es recomendable usar
solamente letras
minsculas.
Conceptos Bsicos de I
nternet

Algunos buscadores no
toman en cuenta la
ausencia de tilde en las
vocales que
efectivamente la
requieren. En
consecuencia, en estos
casos resultan listados
ms abarcadores
(incluyen la palabra
con y sin tilde) si, como
clave de bsqueda,
escribimos palabras sin
acento ortogrfico.
40

INTRANET
Concepto: Son redes que funcionan
dentro de las corporaciones y a su vez
tienen una puerta cerrada y protegida
con acceso restringido hacia Internet.

Ventajas: Es la potencia de Internet

usada dentro de una empresa.
Permite el acceso oportuno a la
informacin precisa.
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EXTRANET
(Extended intranet)
Concepto: Es una red privada de una
compaa compartida con sus clientes,
proveedores o socios, para compartir
informacin crtica y confidencial.

Ventajas: Se puede acceder desde

cualquier parte del mundo como
cualquier sitio Web pero solo podrn
hacerlo aquellas personas autorizadas.
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WEB 2.0
Concepto
Ir a Ventajas

WIKI

Conceptos Bsicos de Int

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Ir a
Desventajas

Redes
Sociales

BlogSpot

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Web 2.0
Ventajas
Web de tipo interactiva. Contiene informacin visible y
consultante.
Tiene aspectos colaborativos y sociales en la red.
Etiquetado del contenido desde abajo (folksonoma frente a la
taxonoma)
Fomenta la participacin por su misma arquitectura.
Posee una capacidad de sindicacin de contenidos por medios
RSS/ATOM. Lectura de los contenidos agrupados en secciones
en una misma Web o aplicacin.
Sitios fciles, usables y giles para localizar la informacin.
Los usuarios controlan su propia informacin.
Desarrolla la capacidad del usuario de la cultura remix gracias
a su arquitectura que permite combinar y reelaborar pginas,
con contenido flexible y dinmico, gracias tambin a las
tcnicas mashups con APIs abiertos, feeds, que las hacen
estructuras abiertas.
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Web 2.0
Desventajas

Ms comodidad, menos intimidad. El usuario pierde el control de sus creaciones en

favor de las empresas que prestan el servicio.
Espionaje de estado. las empresas que capitanean el fenmeno Web 2.0 centralizan
todas las actividades en sus servidores. Esto se traduce en la acumulacin de gran
cantidad de informacin personal en manos de unas pocas empresas, que si bien es
cierto que viven de utilizar dicha informacin de una manera honesta y provechosa
para los usuarios, tambin lo es que en ocasiones se ven obligadas a ceder dicha
informacin a gobiernos no democrticos, poniendo as en peligro la libertad fsica de
algunos usuarios.
Inseguridad de almacenamiento. Los archivos que se dejan guardados en el servidor
que ofrecen herramientas ofimticas conlleva como desventaja un riesgo para la
intimidad del usuario o empresa. No hay seguridad de intimidad absoluta.
Vulneracin de derechos de autor. No se le pide permiso para reproducir ni se
remunera por ello a aquellas personas que publiquen sus contenidos en pginas wikis
blogs y dems sitios.
Perdida de control en las creaciones. Un consumidor tiene la liberad de decidir que
contenido publicar en una Web pero una vez que estn dentro del servicio se pierde
parte del control sobre la informacin aportada
El anonimato que posibilita la Web 2.0 puede ser explotado por individuos que quieran
publicar contenido malvolo para difamar personas y desacreditar hechos o
acontecimientos acaecidos.
El colaboracionismo abierto implica en algunos casos, poca profesionalidad y puede
conducir a bajos niveles de calidad en los contenidos de muchos sitios.

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WIKI
(What I Know Is...)

Concepto:
Una wiki es una Web con historial de
versiones en Internet en el que todos
pueden crear, modificar y enlazar pginas
Web sin herramientas adicionales ni
conocimientos de HTML.

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Redes Sociales
Concepto: Son formas de interaccin social
entendidas como un intercambio dinmico
entre personas, grupos e instituciones en
contextos de complejidad. Tambin son
construidas y dirigidas por mismos usuarios
quienes adems las nutren con contenidos

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BIBLIOGRAFA
http://www.slideshare.net/cristianandres/ppt-comunicacin
http://www.slideshare.net/empresacrisama2/intranet-364634
http://www.slideshare.net/cristianandres/ppt-comunicacin
http://bibliotecavirtualut.suagm.edu/Instruccion/conceptos_busquedas.htm
http://www.scribd.com/doc/2465833/Busqueda-de-informacion-cientifica-y-academica-en-Internet-Google
http://www.aula21.net/tallerwq/buscadores/buscador1.htm
http://www.ucm.es/info/multidoc/multidoc/revista/cuadern5/elena.htm#1.%20ORIGEN%20Y
%20DESARROLLO
http://www.slideshare.net/monichis2/internet-1654208
Manual de Programacin Aprenda sevlets de Java como si estuviera en primero de Javier Garca de
Jaln, Jos Ignacio Rodrguez y Aitor Aimaz
Introduccin a la Computacin Internet, Intranet, Extranet, Redes privadas virtuales (Tneles)
Conceptos e Interrelaciones. Cr. Lic. Carlos Moirano, Septiembre 2005.
La Web 2.0: caractersticas, implicancias en el entorno educativo Autor: Fernando Santamara
Glosario Internet, partes UNO y DOS.
es.kioskea.net/contents/www/forum.php3
Fuente: http://ocw.unican.es/historico-de-cursos/como-buscar-informacion-en-fisica-ymatematicas/teoria/capi4.pdf
Fuente 2: http://www.ciberconta.unizar.es/leccion/buscar/
Fuente 3: http://www.links.org.ar/weblinks/buscar.pdf
Fuente 4: http://www.educ.ar/educar/busqueda-informacion-util-internet.htm3
Fuente: http://www.infoprocoop.com.ar/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=87:servicio-detelefonia-conceptos&catid=37:telefonia&Itemid=62

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