Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
QUMICA, UCE
DESALADO ELECTROSTTIOCO
REFINACIN DEL PETRLEO
Crude desalting
Most crude oils contain traces of salt
from the salt water produced with
crude oil at the some time.
Desalting operations are necessary
to remove salt from the brines that
are present with the crude oil after
recovery.
DESALADO DE CRUDO
Mayora de los aceites crudos
contienen restos de sal en el agua
salada con el petrleo crudo
producido en el momento alguna.
Desalacin operaciones son
necesarias para eliminar la sal de las
salmueras que estn presentes con
el petrleo crudo despus de la
recuperacin.
Crude desalting
Failure to reduce the amount of brine
to acceptable levels can result in the
production of unacceptable levels of
hydrogen chloride during refining.
The hydrogen chloride will cause the
equipment to corrode and weaken it
even to the point of causing fires and
explosions.
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Crude desalting
The purpose of desalting is to
remove such contaminants as salt by
water-washing, followed by
separation of the contaminant-laded
dirty water with electrostatic
coalescing.
Contaminants: salt, solids and water.
Harmful: corrosion, fouling, plugging
and catalyst degradation.
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Crude desalting
Salts: sodium chloride (NaCl),
calcium chloride (CaCl2) and
magnesium chloride (MgCl2).
Water-in-oil emulsion is stable,
removal of water by simple settling is
very difficult.
Water-washing, electrostatic
coalescing.
Single-stage system efficiency is 8595%, two-stage system efficiency is
Crude desalting-process
flow
Crude desalting
Crude oil was heated by exchanging
heat with various streams of the
atmospheric distillation unit, and the
mixed with 5-7 v% of fresh water in
order to dilute the salt concentration.
A small amount of chemicals, which
assist in breaking the emulsion, is
injected to the crude oil.
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Crude desalting
Pass through a mixing valve for intimate
contact between oil and water.
The mixture was introduced into the
desalter vessel, where the emulsion is
subjected to the influence of a highvoltage (10-30kv) electrostatic field.
The electrostatic force accelerates
agglomeration of the contaminant-laden
water.
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Crude desalting
Water coalesced into large drops,
then settles by gravity.
Desalted crude oil is withdrawn from
the top, effluent water is withdrawn
from the bottom of the vessel.
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Crude desalting
Pressure: higher than the vapor
pressure. to suppress vaporization,
500-1000 kPa
Temperature: 100-150oC to reduce
visco-sity for better mixing and
separation.
Wash-water injection rate: is
determined by taking account of the
amount of impurities contained, and
lies in 5-7 v% on crude oil.
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Crude desalting
If a sufficient quantity of water is not
available, the number of desalter
stages should be increased.
Regular laboratory analyses will
monitor the desalter performance,
and the desalted crude should
normally not contain more than 1 kg
of salt per 1000 bbl of feed.
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Crude desalting
Good desalter control is indicted by the
chloride content of the overhead receiver
water, which should be on the order of 1030 ppm chlorides.
If the desalter operation appears to be
satisfactory but the chloride content in the
overhead receiver water is greater than 30
ppm, then caustic should be injected at
the rate of 1-3 v% of charge to reduce the
chloride content to the range of 10-30
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ppm.
Crude desalting
Salting out will occur below 10 ppm,
and severe corrosion above 30 ppm.
Another controlling factor with
respect to the overhead receiver
water is pH, which should be
between 5.5 and 6.5.
The injection of ammonia into the
tower top section can be used as a
control for this.
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