AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION

SYSTEM
TELIWAR VINEEL(12281A0414)
DUGYANI SRAVAN (12281A0418)
VESHALA SUKANYA( 12281A0407)
MOKIRALA MOUNIKA(12281A0417)

INTRODUCTION

Indian agriculture is dependent on the monsoons which is

not a reliable source of water. Therefore, there is a need

for an irrigation system in the country which can provide
water to the farms according to their soil types.
This project represents the prototype design of
microcontroller based automatic irrigation system which
will allow irrigation to take place in zones where watering
is required, while bypassing zones, where adequate.

NEED FOR AUTOMATION

At present, the farmers manually control irrigation by

irrigating the land at regular intervals. This process

sometimes consume more water and sometimes, the water
may reach late.
It has been observed that maintaining the proper moisture
level in soil leads to higher yield per hectare. Improving
irrigation efficiency can contribute greatly to reducing
production costs of vegetables, making the industry more
competitive and sustainable.

 Through proper irrigation, average vegetable yields can be

maintained (or increased)

While minimizing environmental impacts caused by

excess applied water and subsequent agrichemical

leaching. ,we provide an efficient solution for automatic
control of irrigation motor with soil moisture sensor

Operation of project
The microcontroller forms the heart of the device and there are also

soil moisture sensors, which are meant for detecting the moisture in
the soil. Also GSM modem which will operates the soil moisture
sensor.
Here we are going to operate the soil moisture sensor. For this we

will use GSM technology is also used . modem which one at the soil
moisture sensor. it will send the information to the micro controller
through decoder.
when pump is off or changes its state. The microcontroller will

operate the sensor i.e., ON/OFF. The sensor will operate the motor
according to the quantity of moisture in the soil.

 This process will be continued until we stop the sensor.

Here we get the feedback of motor status i.e., ON/OFF in

the form of message from the GSM modem present at the
motor end.
The purpose of this project is to monitor water level. This
can be achieved by using soil moisture sensor, which
senses the water content in the soil. This sensor output is
given to a Microcontroller based control system for
further data processing.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

POWER SUPPLY

MAJOR COMPONENTS
TRANSFORMER
BRIDGE RECTIFIER
VOLTAGE REGULATOR

MICRO CONTROLLER
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit

micro controller with 8Kbytes of in-system programmable flash

memory.
The AT89S52 provides the following standard features:
8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog
timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, full duplex
serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry.
Using Atmels high-density non volatile memory technology and is
compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 micro controller. The
on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed insystem or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer.

The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the

RAM timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system

to continue functioning
The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but

freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip

functions until the next interrupt

RELAYS
Relays are switches that open and close circuits

electromechanically or electronically. Relays control one

electrical circuit by opening and closing contacts in
another circuit
relays can "control" larger voltages and amperes by
having an amplifying effect because a small voltage
applied to a relays coil can result in a large voltage being
switched by the contacts
Protective relays can prevent equipment damage by
detecting electrical abnormalities

MAX232
The MAX232 IC is used to convert the TTL/CMOS logic

levels to RS232 logic levels during serial communication

of microcontrollers with PC.
The controller operates at TTL logic level (0-5V) whereas
the serial communication in PC works on RS232
standards (-25 V to + 25V). This makes it difficult to
establish a direct link between them to communicate with
each other.
The intermediate link is provided through MAX232.

Humidity sensor
The humidity sensor just senses the humidity or the

moisture of the soil. The change in humidity is

proportional to the amount of current flowing through the
soil.
Whenever the soil is dry the conductivity of soil is less

and vice-versa.

Temperature sensor
BC 547 is used as temperature sensor
BC547 is an NPN bi-polar junction transistor. A transistor,

stands for transfer of resistance, is commonly used to

amplify current. A small current at its base controls a
larger current at collector & emitter terminals.

GSM
GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is a

cellular network, which means that mobile phones connect

to it by searching for cells in vicinity
GSM also pioneered a low-cost, to the network carrier,
alternative to voice calls, the Short t message service
(SMS, also called "text messaging"), which is now
supported on other mobile

SIM300
Designed for global market, SIM300 is a Tri-band

GSM/GPRS engine that works on frequencies EGSM 900

MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS1900 MHz SIM300
provides GPRS multi-slot class 10 capability and support
the GPRS coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4.

LCD
Many microcontroller devices use 'smart LCD' displays to

output visual information. LCD displays designed around

LCD NT-C1611 module, are inexpensive, easy to use, and
it is even possible to produce a readout using the 5X7 dots
plus cursor of the display.
They have a standard ASCII set of characters and
mathematical symbols. For an 8-bit data bus, the display
requires a +5V supply plus 10 I/O lines (RS RW D7 D6
D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0).

LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor diode

that emits light when an electrical current is applied in the

forward direction of the device, as in the simple LED
circuit.
LEDs are widely used as indicator lights on electronic
devices and increasingly in higher power applications
such as flashlights and area lighting.

WORKING
Moisture sensor to control the working of pump. Three

probe(wireless are used as soil moisture sensor. Working of

the pump is controlled by the moisture content of the field, if
the field is dry then our system automatically send a SMS to
the particular person.
The person after receiving the SMS would switch the pump
on/off. Firstly, we sense the analogue input through the
moisture sensor probe. Resistance between these two probes
is continuous gathered by the ADC circuit. ADC circuit
senses the analogue signal and converts it into digital signal.

Working(cont)
Use MAX232 IC with controller to convert TTL code to

RS232 code and, RS232 code to TTL code. In this project,

the circuit sends and receives the SMS from particular
phone. When the field is dry then the system sends a SMS
and the person switches the pump ON/OFF if required

Working(cont)
Microcontroller continuously senses this signal and then

converts it into decimal inside the micro controller and

save the record in a temporary memory. Now this data is
sent to the LCD display connected to the microcontroller.
We connect two switches with the microcontroller to set a
preset value. With this value micro controller continuously
senses and compares the input value with the preset
microcontroller value. When the moisture value of soil is
equal to the preset value, then the circuit is off.

Working(4)
Now when value is compared then one bit of

microcontroller is activated automatically and the pump

connected to it is turned on.
Output of the PNP transistor is connected to the dc motor
pump control. GSM modem SIM 300 is connected to the
microcontroller TX and RX pin. When the field is dry,
then the controller sends a AT command to the gsm
modem. Gsm modem automatically sends a SMS to the
desired person.

MERITS
Highly sensitive, Low cost and reliable circuit . Works

according to the soil condition .

Complete elimination of manpower
Can handle heavy loads up to 7A .
System can be switched into manual mode whenever
required.

FUTURE EXTENSION
The working of the project is dependent on the output of

humidity sensors. Whenever there is a need for excess

water in the desired field (RICE crops), then it will not be
possible by using sensor technology
DTMF technology is used which can be better
implemented in paddy crops
It is very economical in terms of hardware costs and
reliability

CONCLUSION
The system provides with several benefits and can operate with less

manpower. The system supplies water only when the humidity in the soil
goes below the reference.
In present days, especially farmers are facing major problems in watering
their agriculture fields, its because they have no proper idea of when the
power is available so that they can pump water. Even after then they need
to wait until the field is properly watered, which makes them stop doing
other activities.
Here is an idea that helps not only farmers even for watering the gardens
also, which senses the soil moisture and switches the pump automatically
when the power is ON . Automatic Irrigation System is very useful.
Automatic Irrigation System
.

REFERENCES
[1]The 8051 Micro controller and Embedded Systems, Muhammad Ali Mazidi,
Janice Gillispie Mazidi
[2]The 8051 Micro controller Architecture, Programming & Applications,
Kenneth J.Ayala
[3]Fundamentals of Micro processors and Micro computers, B.Ram
[4]Micro processor Architecture, Programming & Applications, Ramesh
S.Gaonkar
[5]Electronic Components, D.V.Prasad