HYDROGEOLOGICALMAP

OF
LESSINI
MOUNTAINS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Oleh:
Usy Andri Raya (135060401111009)
Reta Lilyananda P(135060401111016)
Hana Arum Rossy T
(135060401111018)
Adhinda Dwi P R (135060401111027)
Farid Islam Zen (135060407111005)

GEOGRAPHICAL
LOCATION
In the western part of the Venetian
Fore-Alps and develop over an area of
approximately 1500 km2 provinces
ofVerona, Vicenza,andTrento.
thewestern essentially consist of
carbonate rocks karst phenomena
the eastern prevalently made of
volcanic rocks no karst phenomena

MAP

Geographical location
of the Lessini Mountains

CLIMATIC FEATURES
(SORBINI, 1993) The variability of total
rainfall approaches 22% and reaches 28%
in the northern and higher sector of the
basin. On average, the permanence of snow
on the ground varies from a few days at low
altitudes to 35 months at higher altitudes.
13 C in the mid-low Lessini region, and
around 9.3 C in San Bortolo. (1992-2005),
maximum July and August, minimum
January and December

GEOMORPHOLOGY
(Morphology)
From a morphological point of view,
the
Lessini
Mountains
complex
consists of an inclined plateau sloping
SW for about 5. Its southern and
central parts are deeply carved by a
thick series of parallel valleys
generally positioned in to the West
and to the East

The summit tableland of

the Lessini Mountains
extends for about 60 km
and is entirely covered
with grazing land.

Karstification

The hypogean forms are extensively and largely spread, as

proven by the 825 caves known until today, some of which are
extremely important. SAURO(1973) describes karstification in
the Lessini Mountains both as fluvial karst, for the clear
predominance of river morphologies, and as tectonic karst,
for the significant impact oftectonics on the development of
karst and, consequently, onto the entire landscape.

Covolo di Camposilvano

Globally, the Covolo is a set of karst

caves consisting of many rooms that
form a complex
system
originated by the karst
processes
connected with water
circulation
between layers.

4.2.1 Tectonic structures in the central-western Lessini Mountain

This sector of the Lessini Mountains has been studied in

detail by ZAMPIERI (2000) and as summarized below, it is
characterised by a rather complex structural
configuration created by the existence of two main
systems of faults. The NNE-directed system is located in
the central part, while a NNW-oriented systems is found
in the northern and central-eastern areas.
Mount Purga seems to be surrounded by normal faults
and by basalt dykes from the Paleogene all around.
Consequently, this is another case where the opening of
fractures along the connection ramps between the
various fault segments has led to the development of a
rhomboidal basin where a magma chamber has settled
at low depth. Subsequently, the collapse of the roof of
this chamber seems to have formed the subcircular
collapse basin of Mount Purga.

5 HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURES AND HYDROGEOLOGY

major valleys furrowing the area of the Lessini Mountains are and
widen considerably while they converge toward the River Adige. The
shape of these valleys, which are rather deep, is the result of the
combination of fluvial, karst, glacial and tectonic processes still active
today. he drainage network is well developed, but inactive; this reflects
the importance of the karst phenomenon in this area. formations in this
area have been assigned an average permeability due to fracturation,
because the fractures pervading these rocks have such a continuity as
to establish communication between the relevant aquifers and the
main underlying aquifer.
The lithotypes found in the Lessini Mountains have been grouped under
three main hydrogeological categories:
an eastern group characterised by volcanic lithotypes, with low
discharge springs
a central-northern group with a predominance of jurassiccretacic
limestones, with karst- type springs
a southern group characterised by cretacic and eocenic limestones and
volcanic rocks: this sector corresponds to the northern limit of the
alluvial plain of the River Adige; springs are of karst-type here and have
limited flow rates

Covolo di Camposilvano

Covolo di Camposilvano (fig. 16) is the

most interesting example of collapse
doline found in the Lessini Mountains. Its
a spectacular and very peculiar karst cave
generated by the collapse of a great
doline set on Biancone, Rosso Ammonitico
and oolitic limestones of S. Vigilio Group.
Globally, the Colovo is a set of karst caves
consisting of many rooms that form a
complex system originated by the karst
processes connected with water
circulation between layers.
The main cavern sometimes works as a
trap for cold air: the considerable
temperature difference from external air
may sometimes result in ice formations in
spring, which may even last throughout
the year, or in the development of
condensation mists.

Geology
4.1 Stratigraphical succession

The Lessini Mountains mainly consist of

carbonate sedimentary rocks dating back to
the
Mesozoic
and
Tertiary
periods.
Cretaceous-Jurassic lithotypes crop out in the
northern sector, while the southern sector is
occupied by Eocene lithotyopes.
The lithology here (fig. 7) essentially consists
of dolomite rock, dolomitic limestone and
marly limestone, but Eocene volcanic rock
also crops out, mainly in the Alpone Valley.
Here are the formations of the stratigraphic
series of the Lessini Mountains: Dolomia
Principale, Calcari Grigi, Oolite di S. Vigilio,
Rosso Ammonitico, Biancone, Scaglia Rossa,
eocenic limestone. Basaltic volcanic rocks
(such as basalts, hyaloclastite and tuffs) crop
out only in some parts of the territory,
prevalently in the eastern sector.
Figure 7: Lessini Mountains
visible in the walls of a building

lithologies

Structural Layout
From a tectonic point of view, the
Lessini Mountains have gone through
extensional phases during the ancient
Mesozoic and Tertiary, a compressive
phase in the Neogene and a southward
tilting phase in the Pliocene-Quaternary.
The faults originated in the Mesozoic
have variable directions between North
and NNE. They are synsedimentary
faults that formed at the margin of the
Trentino platform, while this migrated
eastward in the Jurassic.
The faults originated during the initial
phases of the Tertiary have a NNW
direction, but can also be found in the
NNE directions, where they represent Figure 8: Tectonic sketch of
pre-existing faults later reactivated as the Lessini Mountains
left- lateral strike-slip faults
(ZAMPIERI, 2000)

Tectonic structures in the centralwestern Lessini Mountains

This sector of the Lessini Mountains has been studied in detail by
ZAMPIERI (2000) and as summarized below, it is characterised by
a rather complex structural configuration created by the
existence of two main systems of faults. The NNE-directed
system is located in the central part, while a NNW-oriented
systems is found in the northern and central-eastern areas.
The area of interference between the two systems, which is
localised among Bosco Chiesanuova, Velo Veronese and Cerro
Veronese, corresponds to a lowered rhomboidal structure within
which igneous rock intrusions and dolomitisation of the preexisting rocky bodies took place.
The western margin of this structure is bordered by the fault of
Bosco Chiesanuova, whose length globally reaches ten
kilometres, but which consists of three segments whose
interconnection is maintained by relay ramps.

The Montorio springs

The Montorio springs (figs. 9 and 10)
are a very interesting natural
phenomenon from a scientific point of
view, due to both their hydro-structural
arrangement and to their remarkable
total discharge. These springs consist
in four small lakes located in Montorio,
60 m , which are directly supplied by
karst channels placed in the Calcari
Grigi formation.

Figure 9 : Small
sand
the water
emergence of Spring
Figure
10: volcanoes
The Springat
Fontanon
in Montorio
Fontanon in Montorio

HYDROGEOLOGICAL MAP
Choices and criteria
first of all we have collected
geologic and hydrogeologic data
regarding the area to be represented.
Then, based on these data, we have
identified the hydrogeologic units,
consisting
in
geometrically
contiguous
groups
of
rocks
(lithotypes)
having
similar
permeability features (figure 11).

Figure 11: Schematic hydrogeological sections of the Lessini

Mountains

Hydrogeological Units
Calcareousdolomitic
unit

Marlycalcareous
unit

Marlyclayey unit

Calcareous
unit

Volcanic
unit

Marly unit

Eluvial and
colluvial
deposits

Debris and
alluvial
deposits

Colluvial
and glacial
deposits

Colluvial
and glacial
deposits

THANK YOU