THE BERNOULLI

EQUATION
Def; Non linear equations can be reduced to
linear form, particularly in case of equations of
the form
dy
 P ( x ) y  Q( x ) y n

dx
which is also known as Bernoulli equation. On
n
dividing this equation by y and multiplying
by (-n+1), it can be reduced to linear form as
 n dy
follow  n1
(  n  1) y  (  n  1) y P( x)
dx
 (  n  1)Q( x ).......(1)
On substituting
 n1 dv  n dy
v y ..   (  n  1) y
dx dx
Eq (1) becomes

dv
  (1  n) Pv  (1  n)Q
dx
Which is linear in v and can be solved by
previous method
 dy y
Solve  x y 2 6

dx x
6
Soln: Divide by y and multiplying by (-6+1)=-5
5
dy 5 y
6
5y   5 x 2

dx x
5 6 /
Put y  z  z  5 y y
/

z
 z  5  5 x
/ 2

x 5  dx 1
 5 ln x 5
e e e x  5
x
 Pdx
IF is
x
 1 dz 5 z 5
 5  6  3
x dx x x
d 5 5 5 5
 ( x z )   3  zx  c  2
dx x 2x
3
5x
 z  cx  5

2 1 5x 3
The solution is 5
 cx 
5

y 2
 dy 3  x2
Solve xy  y e
dx
3
Soln: Divide by y and multiplying by (-3+1)=-2

2 dy 3 x 2
 2 xy  2 y   2e
dx
2 3 /
Put y  z  z  2 y y
/

x 2
 z  2 zx  2e
/

2  xdx
x2
IF is e  Pdx
e e
 x2 x2
 e z  2e zx  2
/

d x2 x2
 (e z )  2  e z  2x  c
dx
 x2
 z  e (2 x  c)
1  x2
 2  e (2 x  c)
y x2
e 2
The solution is y
2x  c
Solve dy
cos x  y sin x  y cos x
2 2

dx
dy
Soln:  y tan x  y cos x
2

dx
 2 dy 1
 y  y tan x   cos x
dx
1 2
Put y  z z  y y
/ /

dz
 z tan x   cos x
dx
 sin x
 dx
 tan xdx
e e e
cos x
IF is  Pdx

 ln cos x ln(cos x ) 1
e e  sec x
dz
 sec x  z sec x tan x  1
dx
d
 ( z sec x )  1  z sec x  c  x
dx
1
 z  (c  x ) cos x   (c  x ) cos x
y
 1
 y
(c  x ) cos x

sec x
 y
(c  x )
 dy y x
Solve   3 ..when.. y(1)  2
dx 2 x y
4
dy y
Soln: y3
 x
dx 2 x /
z
Put y  z  z  4 y y  y y
4 / 3 / 3 /

4
1 dz z dz 2 z
 x    4x
4 dx 2 x dx x
2 dx

ln x 2
e e e x
x
IF is  Pdx 2
 dz
x 2
 2 xz  4 x 3

dx
d
 ( x z)  4 x
2 3
 zx  c  x
2 4

dx
 y x c x
4 2 4

When x=1 then y=2  ( 2) (1)  c  (1)

4 2 4

 c  15
The solution is  y x  15  x
4 2 4
solve dy
x  2 x y  y ln y
2

dx

solve dy
x  3 y  x y ..when.. y(1)  2
3 2

dx