Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Introduction & Basic Concept

Heat Conduction
Fundamental of Convection

Application : Heat Exchangers

Fundamental of Thermal Radiation
Mass Transfer

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Book:
Heat Transfer: A Practical Approach

By: Y A Cengel

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Introduction
Basics of Heat Transfer
Heat & other Forms of Energy

Mechanism of Heat Transfer

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

What is difference b/w Thermodynamics
and Heat transfer?

Thermodynamics :
Deals with the amount of heat transfer as a system undergoes
from one state to other equilibrium state.

Heat Transfer :
1. In engineering we are normally interested in the rate of heat
transfer. How much heat is transfer per unit of time.

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Transfer?

Pipe flow

Pressure
Difference

Current flow

Voltage
Difference

Heat Transfer :
1. Heat can transferred from one system to other due to the
temperature difference

2. It is science which predict the heat energy transfer between

material bodies as a result of temperature difference.

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Transfer
Human Comfort
A human body is
continuously rejecting
heat to surrounding.

Human comfort is directly related to rate of heat

rejection (Heat Transfer rate). We adjust this rate by
our clothing to the environmental condition.

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat Transfer
Daily Life Examples
Heating & Air-Conditioning System
Refrigerator, Iron
Computer
Energy Efficient Home
Car Radiators
Solar Collectors

(Min. Heat loss in winter and

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Why we need a detailed study of
Heat Transfer ?

Heat Transfer indicates how long process will take.

A designer of thermos
normally interested in
that how long coffee will
sustain its temperature

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Engineering Heat Transfer

Applications
1. Heat Exchangers

existing system at a specific

temperature difference
Rating : Determination of HT for an

2. Boilers
3. Condensers
4. Radiators
Sizing : Determination of size of a

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

UNITS

Thermal Energy (Q) = 1 joule

Heat Transfer rate (q-dot) = 1 joule/sec = 1 watt

Heat Flux (q/A) = 1 watt/m2

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy
Energy :

Thermal
Chemical, Nuclear
K.E, P.E
Mechanical
Electrical

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy

Internal Energy (U) :

Sum of all microscopic forms of energy of molecules.

Heat :

Total K.E of molecules

U = K.E + P.E
Portion of K.E = Sensible Energy or Heat

Temperature :

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy

Internal Energy
Associated Atomic bonds
in a molecule is called
Chemical energy
Associated with bond within the
Nucleus of the atom is called
Nuclear Energy

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy
Calorie :
Calorie is a unit of Heat Energy. Like Joule

1 Cal = 4.1868 Joule

1 Cal = Amount of heat required

raise the temperature of one gram
of water at 14.5 C by 1 C

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy
Specific Heat:
Amount of heat required raise the temperature of a
unit mass of a substance by 1 C

At Constant Volume
(Cv)

At Constant Pressure
(Cp)

For incompressible substance it is constant

UNIT ?
C = f ( P,T )

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy
Specific Heat:
For an ideal gas , specific heat normally depends
only on temperature.
At low
pressure real
gas also
behave as
Ideal gas

du = Cv(T) dT

dh = Cp(T) dT

Enthalpy
Sum of internal energy and energy required to flow of fluid
UNIT ?
h = u + Pv

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy

Latent Energy or Heat :

If energy (Heat) supplied to the system is greater than
Molecular force phase change
Amount of heat require to change the phase is called Latent heat.

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy
First law of Thermodynamics :Ein

Eout

Esystem

E out

dEsystem

In rate

E in

dt
Steady State :

Esystem

Ein

Eout

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy

In the absence of electric, magnetic, gravity effect, normally the

change in totalEinenergy
systemUissystem
the simply change in
Eout of the
Esystem
internal energy of the system;

Ein

Eout

mCv T

(fixed mass system)

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Heat & other forms of Energy

In Heat Transfer, Normally we are interested in the Thermal

energy which is transferred due to temperature difference.
And, All Nuclear, Chemical,
energies
consider
Qin Qout etcEgen
Ethermal
system in the form of
thermal energies as heat generation;
Energy Balance in Heat Transfer
Heat Transfer

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Example-1

V = D3 / 6
SA = D2

Heat Transfer

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Example-2

Heat Transfer

Assumption
Heat loss is negligible
Specific heats are constant
Ein

Eout

Esystem

Usystem

Ein

Eout

mCv T

(fixed mass system)

Ein

mCv T

water

mCv T

pot

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Modes of Heat Transfer
1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Modes of Heat Transfer
Conduction :
Transfer of heat through solids or stationary fluids

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Modes of Heat Transfer
Convection :
In this mode heat is transfer due to the movement
of the fluids

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

Modes of Heat Transfer
Radiation :
It does not require any medium for heat transfer. In
this mode the electromagnetic radiation is emitted by an
object for heat transfer.

Heat & Mass Transfer

134 A 50-kg mass of copper at 70C is
dropped into an insulated tank containing 80
kg of water at 25C. Determine the final
equilibrium temperature in the tank.

Introduction

Heat & Mass Transfer

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