Topic 7 ,8 & 9:

Delivering Your
Speech/Presentation and
Using Presentation Aids

1.0 Delivering Speech

ELEMENTS OF GOOD
SPEECH
ATTITUDE
REHEARSAL
VERBAL EXPRESSION
NONVERBAL EXPRESSION

 ATTITUDE
Attitude

matters a great deal with

delivery.
A confident presence is an aspect of
your credibility and persuasiveness.
Yet people have speaker apprehension,
fear of speaking in front of an audience.
This fear can become a self-fulfilling
prophecy: We can make ourselves
fail . . .
or succeed.

DONT
* Comment on your own performance.
* Apologize for your speaking, especially
not before you speak.
* Dont hide behind the stand, wear hats,
or chew gum.
* Dont look over the audience heads or
envision them naked (silly myths).
* Dont watch your own feet when you
dance.

DO
* Be conversational. A public speaking

situation is still personal, if you speak

naturally and make eye contact. Look at
people. Theyll relate to you.

* Move like you do in normal life, but much

less.
* Stay focused on your material. Youre
just the messenger, not the point of the
message. If youve chosen topics well, its
vital that you get this information to your
fellow citizens.

DO NOT
Give up on yourself. Theres something
you do well you that may not know yet.
Get help when you need it. Dont go away
and try to get it perfect on your own
before you let anyone see it.
Wait until the last minute. Its a lousy
habit anyway that holds you back from
your goals.
In this class, you simply cant afford it.

 REHEARSAL

Practice, practice, practice.

Get your speeches written at least a week early
and say them out loud every day.
Say your speeches out loud as youre writing
them. Some phrasing looks good
on the page, but doesnt fit the tongue.
It will remind you to keep language tight.

Rehearsal
Places to practice:
In the car.
In the shower or bathtub.
Somewhere where you can shout
without being heard.
In your mind when your lips are tired,
And our lips will get tired is youre
speaking
correctly.

Rehearsal
Repeat some tongue-twisters for
conditioning:
* Rugged rubber baby bumpers
* She sells sea shells by the seashore.
* Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled
peppers.
* How much wood could a woodchuck
chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?
Hed chuck all the wood that a woodchuck
could, if a woodchuck could chuck wood.

Your Battle Plan

There are several ways to deliver a
speech:
1) By memory (we wont require that)
2) By reading from a fully written manuscript
but being familiar enough to keep eye contact.
3) Speaking extemporaneously from a
memorized or written outline.
4) Speaking impromptu on the spur of the
moment.

 ELEMENTS OF GOOD
SPEAKING
VOCAL EXPRESSION:
* You must speak loudly enough to be
heard, clearly enough to be
understood, and slowly enough for your
audience to keep up.
NONVERBAL EXPRESSION
* Body language matters because it
influences your credibility and helps the
audience focus on your speech.
Nonverbal frames the verbal.

Vocal Expression
There are five dimensions of voice that can be
manipulated for greater effect.
Volume - Speak louder or softer for emphasis.
Pitch - Stay at an appropriate mid-range level.
Rate - Accelerate for a few sentences to excite,
Slow down and pause to emphasize some words.
Articulation - Speak clearly with full voice.
Quality - The personality of your voice, resonant,
throaty, nasal, etc.

Vocal Expression

Be appropriate in tone. Sometimes when

we get nervous we laugh inappropriately
during serious moments. We may even
become self-satirizing when nervous, playing
as if it werent important.

* While you dont want to take yourself so

seriously that you pressure yourself into errors,
you should treat the process with respect.

Nonverbal Expression

Stand still for a moment and make eye

contact with your audience. Then start.
Speak only once youve made contact.

Stay in one place for awhile. Dont pace

around through the speech. Choose 2 or 3
places where youll take a step or two.

Literally, move into your next argument.

Nonverbal Expression

Gesture naturally, as you would when

you talk with friends.

Free your hands as much as possible to

allow that to occur.

Make the manuscript your friend with large

font, double spacing, and only complete
sentences on one page.

Use the stand for your notes.

Keep your hands out of your pockets.

Nonverbal Expression
Clothing and accessories are an aspect
of your persuasion.
Dress
Dont

appropriately to the occasion.

hide under hats or behind

sunglasses.

The Ineffable Interaction

A speech isnt something you do to someone. Its

something you do with them.

Theyll react how they react. Theyll laugh at places you

didnt think were funny, then not at places you thought
were hilarious.

Let them interact. Watch their faces and adapt.

Theyre the point of the exercise.

2.0 Using Presentation

Aids

INTRODUCTION

Visual aids can be a very powerful tool to

enhance the impact of your presentations.

Think of using visual aids for the following

reasons:

if they will save words-don't describe your results show them;

if their impact would be greater than the spoken

word- don't describe an image - show it.

Think about using a variety of different visual

images. Try using photographs, tables,
diagrams, charts, drawings, key words, or video
sequences. Be creative and deliberate in your
choice of images to achieve the most impact.

When to use visual

aids
Words and images can be used throughout
your presentation from the introduction to the
conclusion. However, remember to restrict
their use to key moments in your
presentation; an over use of visual aids can be
hard to follow.

Think about using visual aids at the following

times:

Introduction

Main Points

Conclusion

Introduction

display the title of your presentation;

define particular technical terms or units;

indicate a structure to your presentation by listing your main

points;

display an image which encapsulates your theme(s);

highlight a question you intend answering during the course of

your presentation;

Main points

highlight new points with an appropriate image or phrase;

support technical information with clearly displayed data;

indicate sequence by linking points together;

offer evidence from your research to support your argument;

Conclusion
summarize
present

your main points on a slide;

your conclusion in a succinct phrase or

image;
display

your key references to allow your

audience to read more on your topic.

Different types of visual

aids

There are many different types of visual aids.

The following advice will help you make the
most of those most commonly used:

PowerPoint (or equivalent)

Microsoft PowerPoint is probably now the most

commonly used form of visual aid. Used well, it
can really help you in your presentation; used
badly, however, it can have the opposite effect.
The general principles are:

PowerPoint(orequivalent)
Do

Don't

use a big enough font

(minimum 20pt)

make it so small you

can't read it

keep the background

simple

use a fussy background

image

use animationswhen
appropriate

but don't over-do the

animation - it gets
distracting

make things visual

use endless slides of

bulleted liststhat all
look the same

Overhead projector
slides/transparencies

Overhead projector slides/transparencies are

displayed on the overhead projector (OHP)
a very useful tool found in most lecture and
seminar rooms. The OHP projects and enlarges
your slides onto a screen or wall without
requiring the lights to be dimmed. You can
produce your slides in three ways:

pre-prepared slides : these can be words or

images either hand written/drawn or produced
on a computer;

spontaneously produced slides: these can be

written as you speak to illustrate your points or
to record comments from the audience;

a mixture of each: try adding to pre-prepared

slides when making your presentation to show
movement, highlight change or signal detailed
interrelationships.

Make sure that the text on your slides is large

enough to be read from the back of the room.
A useful rule of thumb is to use 20 point text if
you are producing slides with text on a
computer.

Paper handouts

Handouts are incredibly useful.

Consider the merits of passing round your

handouts at the beginning, middle and end of a
presentation.

Given too early = they may prove a distraction.

Given too late = your audience may have taken

too many unnecessary notes.

Given in middle = your audience will inevitably read

rather than listen.

One powerful way is to give out incomplete

handouts at key stages during your presentation.

Flip chart

A flip chart is a large pad of paper on a stand.

It is a very useful and flexible way of recording

information during your presentation you can
even use pre-prepared sheets for key points.

Record information as you go along, keeping

one main idea to each sheet.

Flip back through the pad to help you recap your

main points. Use the turning of a page to show
progression from point to point.

Remember to make your writing clear and

readable and your diagrams as simple as
possible.

Room layout

Remember that your audience needs to

be able to see you as well as your visual
aids.

Try to involve every member of your

audience by changing the layout of your
room.

Summary
Use

visual aids to display complex

information clearly and introduce variety
into your delivery technique.

Make

sure that you are familiar with the

equipment required to create and display
visual aids, and deploy visual aids
creatively in your presentations mixing
techniques and media to create an
impact.