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Trigonometri berasal dari bahasa

Yunani trigonon = tiga sudut dan
metro = mengukur. Jadi Trigonometri
adalah cabang ilmu matematika
yang berhadapan dengan sudut
segitiga dan trigonomertik seperti
sinus, cosinus, dan tangen.
Maka kita akan membahas tentang
sinus, cosinus, dan tangen yang
biasa disebut sin, cos, tan
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SINUS ALPHA

COSINUS ALPHA

TANGEN ALPHA

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Dari Persamaan diatas dapat

disimpulkan bahwa :

Example:
Jika c = 120 cm dan alpha = 30
derajat, maka panjang AC sama
dengan ?
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Dalam Trigonometri ada sudut sudut istimewa yaitu sudut (derajat) 0, 30,
45, 60, 90
Tabel sin, cos, dan tan sudut istimewa

Jika c = 120 cm dan alpha = 30

derajat, maka panjang AC sama
dengan ?

Data tabel diatas diambil/didapat dari

segitiga dibawah ini :

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GEOMETRY
Geometry is the measurement of dimensions, areas,
and volumes of geometric shapes, and is quite useful in aviation
maintenance. In fact, it is geometry that allows you to calculate the
displacement of a cylinder. determine the volume of a fuel tank, and
calculate the surface area of a wing. On the other hand. trigonometry allows
you to determine unknown lengths and angles of a triangle. ln addition to
aiding you when fabricating sheet metal, trigonometry plays a large part in
the theory of alternating current .
THE RECTANGLE
As you know, a rectangle is a four sided planed. It is distinguished by having
opposite sides of equal length, and four angles each equal to 90 o degrees.
The formula for the area of a rectangle is:
Area= Length x Width or A = L x W

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Before the mathematical operation

can be carried out, both
measurements must reflect the same
unit of measure.
Ex: Given a sheet of aluminum that is
48 inches wide by 12 feet long.
Calculate the area of the Aluminum
sheet. (you must convert either the
width to feet or the length to inches).
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SQUARE
A square is a symmetrical plane in which all
four sides are equal length. The formula used
for a rectangle is used to find the area of a
square. However since all sides of a square
are of equal length, the formula is sometimes
expressed as the square of the sides :
A = S2

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THE TRIANGLE
The triangle is a three-sided figure consisting of
three angles whose combined measurement
equals
180 degrees. Three basic types of triangles you
should be familiar with are: the scalene triangle,
which consists of three unequal angles and sides,
the equilateral triangle, which has equal sides
and
equal angles. and the isosceles triangle, which
has
two equal angles.
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Triangles are further classified by the

measurement of one angle. For example, a
right triangle is one that has one angle
measuring 90 degrees. ln an obtuse triangle.
one angle is greater than 90 degrees, while
in an acute triangle all angles are less than
90 degrees.
There are several terms associated with
triangles. For instance. the base of a triangle
is the side the triangle rests or stands on.
Depending on a triangles orientation, any
side may be the base. The vertex is a
common endpoint, or the point where the
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If a triangle is set in a rectangle and the triangles base

and height are equal to two of the rectangles sides,
the area of the triangle is exactly one-half that of the
rectangle. Therefore, the formula for calculating the
area of a triangle is one-half the base times the height,
or 1/2 b.h.
Find the area of a triangle whose base is 6 inches and
height is 15 inches.
Step 1: Insert given values into the formula.
A = 1/2 6 X 15
Step 2: Perform multiplication.
A : 45 square inches

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THE PARALLELOGRAM
The parallelogram, like the rectangle, has
opposite sides that are parallel and equal in
length. However, the corner angles of a
parallelogram are some measurement other
than 90 degrees. The area of a parallelogram
is calculated by multiplying the length by the
height (A = l x h). The height is measured
perpendicular to the length, similar to the
way the altitude of a triangle is determined.

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THE TRAPEZOID
A trapezoid is a four-sided figure that has one set of
parallel sides. If you lay two trapezoids side by side so
the top and bottom sides form straight lines, a
parallelogram is formed with a base that is equal to the
combined length of the trapezoids parallel sides. As
discussed earlier, the area of a parallelogram is found
by multiplying the length, which in this case equals the
sum of the parallel sides, by the height. However,
because the area of a single trapezoid is one-half that
of the parallelogram, the trapezoids area is equal to
one-half the product of the base times the height. This
is expressed with the formula:
Area = (base1 + base 2) x Height
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THE CIRCLE
A circle is a closed figure bounded by a single
curved line. Every point on the line forming a circle
is an equal distance from the center. The distance
from the center to the line forming the circle is
called the radius, and the distance around the circle
is known as the circumference. The diameter of a
circle is represented by a line that touches two
points on the outside of the circle and passes
through the circles center. The circumference has a
definite relationship with the diameter. This
relationship is represented by the Greek letter pi (
), and is equal to 3.1416.

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The ratio of the circumference to the

diameter of a circle is always pi.
Regardless of the size of the circle, pi
is a constant. The circumference of
a circle is found by multiplying pi
times the diameter, and the area is
calculated by multiplying pi times the
square of the radius. For example,
if a circle has a diameter of 10
inches, determine the

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COMPUTING VOLUME

Solids are objects with three dimensions: length,

width, and height. Having the ability to calculate
volume enables you to determine the capacity of a
fuel tank or reservoir. figure the capacity of a cargo
area, or calculate the displacement of a cylinder.
Volumes are calculated in cubic units, such as cubic
inches, cubic feet. and cubic centimeters. However,
volumes are easily converted to useful terms such
as gallons. For example, to convert cubic inches to
gallons, divide the total number of cubic inches by
231.If converting cubic feet to gallons, remember
that 1 cubic foot holds 7.5 gallons
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VOLUME OF A RECTANGLE
The volume of a rectangular solid is found by
multiplying the dimensions of length, width, and
height. When calculating volume, it is important
that all measurements be in like terms. The
formula for determining the volume of a
rectangular solid is:
V=Lx WxH
Where:
V = volume
L : length
W : width
H = height
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Ex: Calculate the volume of a

rectangle when its dimension is as
follows:
Length : 24 inches
Width : 18 inches
Height : 12 inches

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VOLUME OF A CUBE

A cube is a solid with equal sides.

Since all dimensions of a cube are
identical, its area is calculated by
multiplying one dimension by itself
three times.
The formula is:
Volume = S3
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VOLUME OF A CYLINDER
A cylinder is a solid with circular ends
and parallel sides. Its volume is found
by multiplying the area of one end by
the cylinders height. The formula is
expressed as:

Volume = r2 H

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As a technician, you can use this formula to

calculate piston displacement. Piston
displacement is defined as the volume of air
displaced by a piston as it moves from
bottom center to top center. For example,
one cylinder of a four-cylinder aircraft engine
has a bore, or diameter, of four inches and
the piston has a stroke of six inches. Stroke
is defined as the distance the head of a
piston travels from bottom center to top
center. What is the total cylinder
displacement??
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VOLUME OF A SPHERE

A sphere is any round body having a surface on

which all points are an equal distance from the
center of the sphere. A sphere has the greatest
volume for its surface area, and is used in aircraft
systems for hydraulic accumulators and liquid
oxygen

converters.
VOLUME : 4/3 r3

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CONE
A solid with a circle as a base and with
sides that gradually taper to a point
is called a cone.
the formula for the volume of a cone
1
V . 2.H
is :
3 r

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THE METRIC SYSTEM

The metric system is the dominant language of
measurement in use today. However, in the United
States, the customary units of measurement include
the English units of inches, feet, ounces, and
pounds. While these units have proved functional
for many years, they are cumbersome to convert.
The meter as a standard was developed in France
and adopted by the National Assembly of France in
the late 18th century. The United States
government legalized the use of the metric system
in 1866, but it was not until the Metric Bill of 1975
that its use became common. We are still in a time
of slow conversion to the metric system and in
many cases both Metric and English units appear
together on packaging, speedometers, and
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thermometers. The metric system is built on

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There are six base units in the metric system. The

unit of length is called the meter, and is
approximately 39 inches. The metric unit of mass, or
weight, is the gram. The unit of time is the second.
The unit of electrical current is the ampere. The unit
of temperature is the degree Celsius, formerly
called degree Centigrade. The unit of luminous
intensity is the candela. All other units of
measurement in the International System of Units,
which is now called SI, are derived from these six.
Conversion from English to Metric systems is
accomplished in a variety of ways. Many hand-held
electronic calculators now have specific function keys
for making these conversions.
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All of the metric units follow a

consistent naming scheme, which
consist of attaching a prefix to the
unit. For example, since kilo stands for
1,000, one kilometer equals 1,000
meters. Centimeter is prefix for
hundredth, so one meter equals one
hundred centimeters. Millimeter is the
prefix for one thousandths and one
gram equals one thousand milligrams.

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