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Parasitology Dept
Commo
n STH
agents
Small intestine
Trichuris trichiura
A. lumbricoides
Hookworms
S. stercoralis
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ascaris lumbricoides
Morphology
Ascariasis
Etiology: Ascaris lumbricoides ( roundworm )
Habitat : small intestine, especially jejunum and upper
ileum
Morphology:
Adult large, broad, cylindrical, tapers at both ends
- light cream pinkish whitish
- female bigger than male
Female
Male
spicule
Vulval opening
between anterior
and midlle 1/3
body
Ascaris lumbricoides
Morphology
Morphology:
Fertilized eggs:
Rounded, have a thick shell, with an
external mammillated layer that is often
stained brown by bile
Size: approximately 60 m in diameter
when spherical, and up to 75 m when
ovoid.
Unfertilize:
elongated and larger (up to 90 m in
length); their shell is thinner; and their
mammillated layer is more variable,
either with large protuberance
Ascaris eggs
fertilize
d
mammilate
d
semidecorticate
d
unfertilized
Ascaris lumbricoides
Life Cycle
Adult worms in small
intestine, produce eggs
which are excreted with
stool
tracheal migration
Ingested/swallowed by
human
Lung passage
3 weeks
Ancylostomatidae
Ancylostoma duodenale
Morphology
Reddish white worm, form
C-like appearance in
alcohol 70%
Female measures 10-13
mm in length, male is 811 mm with a
characteristic copulatory
bursa at the tail end
2 pairs of teeth
Necator americanus
Morphology
Female is 9-11 mm long
and male is 7-9 mm
long, copulatory bursa is
exist
Form S-like appearance
in alcohol 70%
cutting plates (chitin)
Adult Hookworms:
Ancylostoma duodenale
- 2 pairs of teeth
Necator americanus
- cutting plates (2 ventral + 2
dorsal)
Hookworm eggs
Oval, 65 x 40 um
Colorless, transparent hyaline
membrane
Segmented ovum with 4
blastomers
Clear space between egg and
ovum
Similar forms between two
species
Both polar ends are blunt
Trichiuris trichiura
Trichiuris trichiura
Morphology
Female
- larger
- whip-like
Anterior end
3/5 body length
Posterior end
2/5 body length
Contain intestine, reproductive organs
Male
- coiled
posterior
- barrel shaped
- similar characteristics
- unsegmented ovum
Enterobius vermicularis
(pin worm)
AHS
Distribution
Worldwide
E. vermicularis is one of the most
common childhood helminth
infections in the developed world
This infection more frequent in family
or community and in crowded
conditions such as ophanages,
hospital, school, etc.
AHS
Morphology
Adult worm
Small and white
Three lips surounding the mouth
Habitat is in the large intestine
(caecum and appendix), sometimes
in ascending colon and ileum
AHS
Morphology
Male
Size 100 m - 141 m
The posterior ends strongly curled ventrally and
has papilla
Female
Size 8 mm 13 mm
Pointed tail end
Vulva opens between the first and second thirds of
the body
When gravid, uterus filled with thousands of eggs
(ovipar)
AHS
Morphology
Curled tail
end
Morphology
Eggs
Size 50 m - 60 m x 20 m - 30 m
Asymmetrical; elongated oval and
flattened on one side
Transparent eggshell
Contains larvae
Obtained from anal swab
AHS
Morphology
Flattened side
AHS
Life Cycle
&
Transmissi
on
Infective stage:
Embryonated eggs
Diagnostic stage:
Eggs obtained from anal
swab
AHS