Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Objectives
1.Identify highway system components
2.Define transportation planning
3.Recall the transportation planning process and
its design purposes
4.Identify the four steps of transportation
demand modeling and describe modeling basics.
5.Explain how transportation planning and
modeling process results are used in highway
design.
Transportation Planning
(one definition)
Activities that:
1.Collect information on performance
2.Identify existing and forecast future
system performance levels
3.Identify solutions
Transportation Planning
in Highway Design
1. identify deficiencies in system
2.identify and evaluate alternative alignment
impacts on system
3.predict volumes for alternatives
Truck Traffic
Planning at 3 levels
State
1.Trip Generation
2.Trip Distribution
3.Mode Split
4. Trip Assignment
Study Area
Study Area
May be regional
Metropolitan area Des Moines including
suburbs, Ankeny, etc.
Study Area
www.sanbag.ca.gov/ planning/subr_ctp_taz.html
Trip Generation
Trip Distribution
Mode Choice
Network Assignment
Model Step #1
Trip
Generation
Trip Generation
Calculate
Calculate
Trip Generation
Number
Trip Generation
Caliper Corp.
ModelManager 2000
Trip Generation
Location
Traffic congestion
Environmental conditions
Trip Generation
Trip purpose
School trips
Work trips
Shopping trips
Recreational trips
Trip Generation
Car ownership
Income
Population (employment characteristics)
Production
Trip Purpose
Work
School
Shopping
Social or recreational
Others (medical)
Work trips
regular
Often during peak periods
Usually same origin/destination
School trips
Regular
Same origin/destination
Shopping recreational
Highly variable by origin and destination, number, and time of day
Household Based
3 techniques
Cross-classification
Covered in 355
Multiple regression analysis
Mathematical equation that describes trips as a
function of another variable
Similar in theory to trip rate
Wont go into
Trip-rate analysis models
Average trip-production or trip-attraction rates for
specific types of producers and attractors
More suited to trip attractions
Trip attractions
Model Step #2
Trip
Distribution
Trip Distribution
Trip Distribution
Trip Distribution
Caliper Corp.
Maricopa County
Gravity Model
Tij = Pi AjFijKij
Qij = total trips from i to j
Model Step #3
Mode Choice
Mode Choice
In
Mode
Characteristics Influencing
Mode Choice
Availability of parking
Income
Availability of transit
Auto ownership
Type of trip
Stage in life
39
Characteristics Influencing
Mode Choice
Cost
Safety
Time
Image
40
Logit Models
Calculates
Auto
Transit
-0.46
-0.07
t1
20
30
t2
c
8
320
6
100
Auto
Transit
-0.46
Bike
-0.07
-0.07
t1
20
30
35
t2
c
8
320
6
100
0
0
Model Step #4
Traffic Assignment
(Route Choice)
Caliper Corp.
Trip Assignment
Trip
Morning peak
Afternoon peak
Off-peak
Minimum Path
Theory: users will select the quickest
route between any origin and destination
Several route choice models (all based on
some minimum path)
All or nothing
Multipath
Capacity restraint
Minimum Tree
(2)
(7)
1
(4)
(4)
Path from 1 to 5
Minimum Tree
2
(3)
(2)
(7)
1
(4)
3
1.
(4)
See CE451/551
notes for more on
shortest path
computations
several methods are
available
All or Nothing
Allocates
Multi-Path
Capacity Restraint
Sizing
Facilities
Sizing Facilities
Sizing Facilities