psychodrama

By
J.L. Moreno
( 1889 1974 )

j. L moreno
Born in 1889 & died in 1974 (85 years)
Created a theory named Classical

Psychodrama.
Primarily an action approach created in the
mid 1930s, and later developed by his
wife ,
Zerka Toeman Moreno.
Also developed by many other followers.
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Classical psychodrama
Is a complex and intense method , should be

conducted by highly training practitioners,

However , psychotherapists can benefit from
utilizing a variety of psychodrama techniques &
principles as adjuncts to a wide range of
therapies & educational approaches (Blatner
2005b)
Had its origins in the Theater of Spontaniety,
and it started in 1921 by Moreno.
TS led him to develop the Group methods &
specializes therapeutic techniques in mid 1930s.
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techniques
Encouraged people to express themselves more

fully,
Explore both intrapsychis conflicts &
interpersonal problems,
Get constructive feedback on how they come
across to others,
Reduced feelings of isolation,
Experment with novel ways of approaching
significant orthers in their lives.
This approach helps to enliven group interactions.
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Key concepts
Creativity
Spontaniety
Working in the Present Moment
Encounter
Tele
Surplus Reality
Catharsis & Insight
Reality Testing
Role Theory
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Role of group leader/director

According to J.L. Moreno ;
Producer
Catalyst/Facilitator - assist protagonist in
developing a scene & facilitate the free expression
of feelings & to gain a new understanding of a
problem.
Observer/Analyser
Help in selection of protagonist/decide techniques
best suited for exploration of persons problems.
Organizer, play a key role to warm-up the group
Pay careful attention to what emerges in drama.
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Main skill of psychodramatist

Involves appreciating the protagonists reluctance as

sufficient warm-up rather han resistance.

Pushing the protagonist at this point will reduce
spontaneity
Work to bring into explicir expression those concerns
hat might induce hesitation, e.g. worry that the
group might think a given feeling is weird.
Weave ideas into a supportive exploration with the
group, enabling P to feel an increase in the tele
with other groups members & ready to
encourageously disclose his/her inner truth.
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Basic components of psychodrama

The
The
The
The

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Protagonist
Auxilliary Egos
Audience
Stage

Phase of psychodrama Process

The Warm-up Phase
The Action Phase
The Sharing and Discussion Phase

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Application : therapeutic
techniques and procedures
Self-Presentation
Role Reversal
Double
Soliloquy
The Empty Chair
Replay
Mirror Techniques
Future Projection
The Magic Shop
Role Training
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Applying psychodrama to group

work in school
Theory & Practice of Group

Counseling (7th Ed.) - Gerald Corey.

(Pg 206 207)

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Applying psychodrama with

multicultural populations
Theory & Practice of Group Counseling

(7th Ed.) - Gerald Corey. (Pg 207 208)

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Evaluation of psychodrama
Contributions and Strenghts of the Approach
Theory & Practice of Group Counseling (7 th Ed.) Gerald Corey. (Pg 208 209)
Potential for Integration With Other Approach
Theory & Practice of Group Counseling (7 th Ed.) Gerald Corey. (Pg 209 210)
Limitation of the Approach
Theory & Practice of Group Counseling (7 th Ed.) Gerald Corey. (Pg 210 211)
Training as a Safeguard
Theory & Practice of Group Counseling (7 th Ed.) Gerald Corey. (Pg 211 212)
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The end
Thank you
Presented by :
Mdm Hjh. Fuziah Hj. Abdul Rahman

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