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October 2005
Introduction
In this lesson we will present the methods for the
analysis and design of synchronous systems.
We can classify synchronous systems in three
groups:
Data-intensive and few control (arithmetic circuits,
signal processing modules, etc.)
Control-intensive and few data (i.e Traffic light
controller, vending machine, etc.)
Data and control intensive (processors, ATM
switches, etc.)
We will use the Register-transfer level (RTL) approach.
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Design Considerations
A digital system is viewed as a divided into a data
subsystem (also called data path) and control
subsystem.
The state of the data subsystem consists of the contents
of a set of registers.
The function of the system is performed as a sequence
of register transfers (in one ore more clock cycles).
A register transfer is a transformation performed on a
datum while the datum is transferred from one register to
another.
The sequence of register transfer is controlled by the
control subsystem.
A sequence of register transfers in some cases can be
represented by an execution graph.
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Figure 4.1:
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Graphs in figure 4.1 are sequential execution graphs because only one node
can be active at a time. Figure 4.1a depicts a straight-line (unfolded ) graph,
whereas Figure 4.1b uses a loop. In contrast , the graph of figure 4.2a is a
concurrent execution graph because more than one node can be active at a
time.
In Figure 4.2b a
group of nodes
can begin
execution when
the preceding
group has
finished.
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Organization of systems
A system implementing an execution graph must
perform two functions:
Data transformations; and
Control of the data transformations and their
sequencing.
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Nonsharing system
Sharing system
Using modules to perform operations in several nodes of the
graph, but at different instant.
Nodes are scheduled in order to avoid shared unit conflicts.
Types of Control
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