INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN

MODERN ORGANIZATIONS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
 Discuss major information
systems (IS) concepts
such as architecture &
infrastructure
• Describe the support
provided to different types
of employees in an
organization

 Describe the hierarchical • Describe how information

structure of organizations resources are managed
and the corresponding IS

IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
Fundamental Concepts
 Information Infrastructure :
 The physical facilities, services, and management that
support all organizational computing resources.
 Computer hardware
 General-purpose software

 Networks and communications facilities

 Databases

 Information management personnel

IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
 Fundamental Concepts

Information Systems

Function

Turban, McLean & Wetherbe. 2004. Information TechnologyFSKSM,UTM

IS Department, for
Management. 4th Edition. John Wiley & Sons
Fundamental Concepts
 Information Infrastructure :
 Defines integration, operation,
documentation, maintenance,
and management of computing
resources

 Defines how specific computing

resources are arranged,
operated, and managed

IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
Fundamental Concepts
 Information Architecture:
 High-level plan that details:
 The organization’s information
requirements
 The way these requirements are
being satisfied.

 Incorporates information
requirements, existing and planned
information infrastructure and
software applications.

 Helps ensure that the organization’s

IT meets the organization’s strategic
business needs.
IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
The IT architecture of an E-business

IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
Fundamental Concepts: Types of IS
 Information System (IS) : A system that collects,
processes, stores, and analyze data and disseminates
information for specific purposes. (Turban & Rainer,
2003)

Data

Procedures

People
IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
Types of IS : An Overview
a. Transaction Processing System
b. Management Information System
c. Support Systems
d. Intelligent Systems
e. End- User Computing
f. Knowledge Management System
g. Data Warehouse
h. Mobile Computing
IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
Types of IS : An Overview
a. Transaction Processing System:
• Support/perform/automates
routine business events. Point-of-Sale (POS)
• Collect, store, process, and
disseminate basic business
transaction data.
• Provide foundation data for many
other systems.
• May be complex and
sophisticated.
• Essential to business success
today

IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
Types of IS : An Overview

b. Management Information Systems:

• Support routine decision making
• Access, organize, summarize, and display
information.
• Emphasize routine reporting on known and
anticipated issues.
• Also, answer queries and forecast trends

IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
Types of IS : An Overview
c. Support System
 Office Automation System : such as word
processing systems were developed to support office
and clerical workers.

 Decision Support Systems: support complex, non-

routine managerial decision makers
 Executive Information Systems – support higher-level
managers
 Group Support Systems – employ Groupware to support
people working in groups

IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
Types of IS : An Overview
d. Intelligent Support System (ISSs): Include expert
systems which provide the stored knowledge of
experts to non-experts, and a new type of
intelligent systems with machine- learning
capabilities that can learn from historical cases.

e. End- user computing: The use or development of

information systems by the principal users of the
systems’ outputs, such as analysts, managers,
and other professionals.

IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
Types of IS : An Overview
f. Knowledge Management Systems: Support the
creating, gathering, organizing, integrating and
disseminating of an organization knowledge.

g. Data Warehousing: A data warehouse is a database

designed to support DSS, ESS and other analytical
and end-user activities.

IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
Types of IS : An Overview

h. Mobile Computing: Information systems

that support employee who are working
with customers or business partners
outside the physical boundaries of their
companies; can be done over wire line or
wireless networks

IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
How IS Support Organizations
 First, consider how organizations are structured:
 Typicallyby functional departments
 Frequently in a hierarchy
 May be by project or in a matrix structure

 Information Systems in an organization:

 are developed to support the way the organization is
structured.
 consist of numerous applications (system developed
for a specific purpose)
 Applications and systems can support
 Individuals / teams
 Departments
 Divisions/Units
 Entire enterprise
IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
How IS Support Organizations

IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
How IS Support Organizations
 IS support needed by people
depends on their role in the
organization.
 Top managers make strategic
decisions • Executive Information
System
 Middle managers make
tactical decisions • Management
 Line managers make Information System
• Decision Support
operations decisions
System
 Knowledge workers create
• Knowledge Worker
and integrate knowledge
System
 Clerical workers use and
manipulate information • Transaction
Processing System

IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
 How Information Resources are
Managed in Organizations
 Information resources encompass many things, including
 Hardware (computers, servers, other devices)
 Software (development tools, languages, applications)
 Databases
 Networks (local area, wide area, Internet, intranet)
 Procedures
 Physical buildings

 Resources are very costly; proper management is essential.

 Responsibility for information resources shared by IS Department and end users.
 Organizations must determine who is responsible for planning, purchasing, developing, and maintaining
information resources.

IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
 Role of the IS Department
 Shifting from technical to managerial orientation.
 Increasing focus on adding strategic value to the organization.
 As IS is challenged to add strategic value, management of IS
becomes more complex.
 Chief Information Officer (CIO) heads IS in many organizations.

IS Department, FSKSM,UTM
Summary

 Information Systems are classified by type (TPS, MIS,

Support, Intelligent).
 Information Architecture details information requirements
and how those requirements are being and will be
satisfied.
 Information Infrastructure comprised of all facilities,
services, and management that supports all computing
resources.
 Information Systems are designed to support the
organization’s structure.
 Management of IS resources is joint responsibility of IS
Dept. and end users.

IS Department, FSKSM,UTM