Vortex Flow Technology

Vortex Flow Technology
Yokogawa Corporation of America
Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation
Corporate Brand
The acute angle and sharp straight edges of the top half of the
diamond symbol represent Yokogawas cutting-edge technology while
the gentle curvature of the bottom half represents the warm-hearted
nature of Yokogawas people. By balancing these two elements,
Yokogawa aims to contribute toward the realization of a thriving
global society in much the same way as the sun. This property is
reflected in the bright yellow of the diamond.
Corporate trademark since October 1986
History of YEWFLO Vortex
1969
Yokogawa designs
first Vortex meter
1995
Mass YEWFLO
introduced
1982
Dual piezoelectric
sensor
1979
First industrial
YEWFLO released
1988
10,000 units
installed (USA)
1987
First 0.5 inch
Vortex flowmeter
1990
YEWFLO 100%
American made
2002
Digital YEWFLO
1989
First Smart
Vortex flowmeter
1993
Microprocessor
-based
SMART flowmeter
Product Line-Up
High-Purity Design
Dual Sensor Designs
Semi-conductor and
Redundant sensors for

critical applications
biotech industries
Electropolished
7-15Ra finish
High Pressure Design

1500# & 2500# flange
ratings
Principle of Operation
The analogy of a golf ball moving through the air is useful
in describing vortex formation:
A slow moving putt barely displaces

the molecules of air
The higher velocity of a chip shot

causes irregular eddies to form behind
the ball
The velocity associated with a drive is

sufficient to cause a strong, regular
vortex formation behind the ball
Vortex formation in
clouds blown by a
mountain top is an
example from nature of
the vortex phenomenon
Mountain
Top
Vortices
Light breeze - Laminar flow,
no vortices formed
NR = 0-5000
Stiff breeze - Transition flow,

irregular vortex formation
NR = 5000-20000
Strong wind - Turbulent flow,

regular vortex pattern
NR = >20000
When a flowing medium strikes a non-streamlined bluff object,

it separates, moves around the object and passes downstream.
At the point of contact with the object, vortex swirls separate from the
body on alternating sides. This separation causes a local increase
in pressure and a decrease in velocity on one side and a decrease
in pressure and an increase in velocity on the opposite side. The
alternating velocities generate alternating pressure forces on either side
of the bluff body. The frequency of these pressure changes is
proportional to velocity.
Typical Vortex Sensors
Thermistor
Differential
Switched Capacitor
Integral Diaphragm
YEWFLO
Shedder Bar
Unique Sensor Design

How Does It Work?
Flow
Flow hits the shedder bar, separates

and due to the shape of the bar,
forms vortices. The vortices create
an alternating pressure differential
across the bar. The bar is physically
stressed toward the low pressure
side of the bar.
Crystal A
Crystal B
Force
A piezoelectric crystal
converts a mechanical stress
into an electrical pulse. The
crystals are hermetically
sealed and not in contact with
the process.
The Karman vortex frequency f is proportional to the velocity v.
Therefore, it is possible to obtain the flow rate by measuring the Karman
vortex frequency:
f = St (v/d)
where: f = Karman vortex frequency
St = Strouhal number (constant)
v = Velocity
d = Width of vortex shedder (constant)
What is Strouhal Number?
The Strouhal number is the ratio between the vortex interval and the
shedder bar width
Usually the vortex interval (l) is about 6 times the shedder bar width
(d), while the Strouhal number is the reciprocal value (~0.17)
When the Strouhal number is fixed, the velocity can be measured by
counting the number of vortices
l
Sensor Assembly
POTTING
COMPOUND
O RING
SEAL
CAP ASSEMBLY
HERMETIC SEAL
METAL TUBE
METAL DISC
CERAMIC PLATE
INSULATOR
(SHRINK TUBING)
PIEZOELECTRIC
CRYSTALS
METAL PLATE
SOLID
METAL
SHEDDER
BAR
Unique Sensor Design

O Ring Seal
Metal Tube
Piezoelectric
Crystals
Metal Plate
Metal Disc
Ceramic
Plate
Solid Metal
Shedder Bar
No thin
diaphragms
to damage
No ports to plug
MTBF in excess of
250 years
Field Proven Mechanical Construction
Indicator/Totalizer
Local Interface
Hermetically Sealed
Sensor
Amplifier
Remote available
Gasket
High Reliability
Body
Full ANSI rating
Shedder Bar
Solid metal
Rugged construction
No moving parts
Why are more users applying Vortex?

Vortex Simplifies Installation & Reduces Costs
Improved Reliability
No Impulse Lines to Plug, Freeze, or Leak
Reduced potential leak points
Reduced Cost
In-line device is cost-effective in smaller lines
Reduced maintenance: No impulse lines, No Periodic
Calibrations Required
Can be applied in most applications where

DP-Orifice has traditionally been used
2-wire Device
Applicable to Liquid, Gases and Steam
Wide Temperature Range to 842 F (450 C)
Vortex Flowmeter Benefits
Digital flow signal

No zero drift
Pulse output for totalizing
Low installed cost

Wide rangeability
Inherently Linear output
Low pressure drop
Liquid, steam, or gas applications
Immune to density & viscosity changes
Vortex Performance Benefits
High Accuracy
+/- 0.75% of reading (liquid)
+/- 1% of reading (gas, steam)
Automatic Gas Expansion Factor Correction
dramatically improves accuracy
Temperature Compensation
eliminates ambient temperature effects on the
analog output
Turn Down
as high as 20:1 provides accurate control over
wider process conditions
Featuring YOKOGAWAs new, proprietary

digital signal processing technique
SSP~Spectral Signal Processing
No start-up tuning
Advanced self-diagnostics
Parameter settings made simple
Compact design
Clear, two-line display
Adaptive Noise Suppression (ANS)
ANS takes advantage of

Yokogawas unique dual
sensor design
By individually analyzing the
signal from each sensor ANS
can deduce which portion of
the signal is flow and which
portion is noise.
Improves signal to noise
ratio
Continuously analyzes the
incoming signals and adapts
to changing noise conditions
S1
N1
S2 N2
Polarization
Direction
S
Lift
Direction
Bending moment of shedder

bar in lift force direction
SSP ~ Spectral Signal Processing

Noisy
Vortex
Signal
Time
SUB6
Spectrum
Analyzing
Amplitude
Frequency
Analyzing/
Intelligent
Amplification
Gain
SUB5
Vortex Signal
Gain
SB6
Spectral
Adaptive
Filtering (SAF)
SUB4
Output
Waveform
SB5
SB4
The signal is split into individual

sub-bands like the frequency
SUB3
SUB2
spectrum display of an audio
SUB1
graphic equalizer. The band
splitting filter also applies
Frequency
intelligent attenuation to linearize
the amplitude vs. velocity characSensitivity Curve
teristic. Based on application
Noise
information such as liquid or gas,
flow span and density a predicted
SB3 SB2 SB1
Frequency (log) amplitude/sensitivity curve is
computed. The results of the
individual sub-band analyses are
[Separation by SAF]
compared to the predicted
sensitivity curve. Finally a tight
Frequency
band pass filter is focused around
the vortex flow signal.
Time
Signal Processing Circuitry

Piezo-ceramics
CHARGE
CONVERTER
CHARGE
CONVERTER
A/D
CONVERTER
SPECTRUM
ANALYZER 1
Output
Circuit
CPU
A/D
CONVERTER
SPECTRUM
ANALYZER 2
Noise Ratio Setting

Counter
Summer
BPF
SPECTRUM
ANALYZER 3
Schmitt
Trigger
B
A
GATE ARRAY
In digitalYEWFLO the signal processing circuitry is fully digitized. This permits signal
processing which had been previously performed by analog circuits (such as an adder,
Schmitt trigger, and filter) to be incorporated into a gate array, resulting in reduced parts
and a downsizing of the converter.
Effect of Vibration
Fluid: Water
Size: 50mm
Setting: Default
Span: 15 m3/h (2 m/s)
Vibration: 1G
Low Flow Response
Fluid: Water Size: 50mm Setting: Default
Simplified Parameter Settings

Frequently-used parameters grouped together in a quick access format
decreases commissioning time.
HART Communicator Menu Tree for

HART Communicator Menu Tree for
1 Device Setup
1 Device Setup
2 Flow Rate
2 Flow Rate
3 Analog Output
3 Analog Output
4 Flow Span
4 Flow Span
1 Process Variable
1 Process Variable
3 Basic Setup
2 Diag/Service
2 Diag/Service
1 Flow Rate
1 Flow Rate
2 Flow Rate (%)
2 Flow Rate (%)
3 Analog Output
3 Analog Output
4 Total
4 Total
(5 Temperature)
(5 Temperature)
(6 Density)
(6 Density)
1 Easy Setup
Test/Status
2 Tag11Selfr&w
Self- Test/Status
2
Loop
Test
3 Flow 2
Unit
Loop Test
D/A Trim
4 Flow33
Span
r&w
D/A Trim
4 Scaled D/A Trim
5 Damping
r&w
4 Scaled D/A Trim
5 Test Output
5 Test Output
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
cr
1 Volumetric Unit
2 Time Unit
1 Self- Test
1 Self- Test
2 Status
r
2 Status
r
1 LiquidVolume
1 Set Percent Mode
r&w
2 Gas/SteamVolume
1 Set Percent Mode
r&w
2 Set Frequency Mode r&w 1 Density
On Unit
3 LiquidMass
2 Set Frequency Mode r&w
On
3 Set Status
Off Density
4 Gas/SteamMass
2
Process
3 Set Status
Off
5 GasSTD/Normal
3 Mass Unit
4 Time Unit
1 Scaled Pulse
1 Scaled Pulse
2 Unscaled Pulse
2 Unscaled Pulse
3 Frequency
3 Frequency
4 Alarm
4 Alarm
5 Flow SW(LowO
5 Flow SW(Low
6 Flow SW(LowO
6 Flow SW(Low
1 Contact Output
1 Contact Output
2 Upper Display
Flow Rate (%)
2 Upper Display
Flow Rate (%)
3 Lower Display
Flow Rate
New Compact Amplifier Housing
Smaller than Yewflo*E
-30%
(volume reduction)
Fewer parts for improved reliability
Features & Functions Summary
No start-up tuning
Automatically selects the optimum settings - even in noisy environments
Low flow stability
Accurately senses vortices at low flow rate for stable, accurate flow measurement
Backward compatible
The SSP amplifier can be retrofitted to provide the best vortex flow measurement
available today
Advanced self-diagnostics
Provides diagnostic messages on high vibration environments, excessive flow
fluctuations, and clogging or plugging in the area around the shedder bar. Analysis
of the process allows true condition-based maintenance
Simplified parameter settings
Frequently used parameters grouped together in a quick-access format decreases
commissioning time
Features & Functions Summary

Clear, parallel two line LCD display
Displays simultaneous flow rate and total along with process diagnosis
Configurable through display interface (MMI)
New compact amplifier housing
Lighter, small and easier to handle design with increased reliability and performance
Simultaneous analog and pulse outputs
Status output (flow switch function) or alarm output
BRAIN, HART and FF communications
Wide process temperature range
High temperature option to 842 deg. F (450 deg. C)
High accuracy
+/- 0.75% of reading (liquid)
+/- 1% of reading (gas, steam)
Multi-variable Mass Vortex

Flowmeter
digitalYEWFLO
Multi-variable Mass Vortex Flowmeter
Provides simultaneous
outputs for temperature
monitoring and mass flow
measurement
Computes mass flow rate in
real time based on the
measured temperature
Displays mass flow rate and
temperature on two line LCD
indicator
digitalYEWFLO
Decreases the need for temperature

monitoring loops and thus simplifies
instrumentation
Reduced openings on process pipes for
inserting thermowells, that can potentially cause

leakage, will slash instrumentation costs and
increase the safety of the process lines
Temperature indication allows flow conditions

to be monitored
The self diagnostics related to the RTD

provides checks for an out of range temperature
output or abnormal temperature and so provides
a window into the process
RTD embedded in
shedder bar
Multi-variable Option ~ Flow & Temperature
Built-in temp sensor

Protected in shedder bar
+/- 1 deg C (liquid), +/- 2 deg C (gas/steam); RTD Pt 1K
ohm
Piezo sensors
Multi-variable option
Flow & temperature values displayed
Dual output (flow: pulse, temp: 4-20)
Steam mass flowrate calculation

Mass flowrate calculated using steam table and measured
temperature (fixed pressure)
+/- 2% of rate accuracy
Shedder bar
RTD sensor
digitalYEWFLO
Specifications
Wafer
Flange
Size
Function
Fluid
Compensation Temperature
Accuracy
Mass Flow
Accuracy
Temperature
Mass Flow Calculation Method

Analog Output
Pulse Output
Output
Alarm Output
Status Output
Temperature Response
(50% response)
Upper
Display
Lower
Remote Type
25mm to 100mm
25mm to 200mm
1 to 8 (25-200mm)
Mass Flow calculation
Superheated
Saturated Steam
Gas
Steam
100 to 260C
100 to 260C
-29 to 260C
2% of reading
2% of reading
2% of reading
1 to 4 (25-100mm)
0.5% of
Reading
Density
Calculation
1% (less than 100C)

1% of Reading 1% of Reading (100C
or more)
Liquid
-29 to 260C
1.5% of reading
0.5% (less than
100C) 1% of
Reading (100C or
more)
Density
Temp-Pressure
Calculation
Density Change
Correction (constant
(constant
Calculation
pressure)
pressure)
Flow Rate or Temperature
Only for Flow Rate
Standard Alarms and Temperature Alarms
Only for Flow Switch
60 seconds
Select from Flow Rate (%, Engineering Unit) or Temperature %

Select from Total or Temperature (C, F)
Flow Converter: Select DYA-[ ][ ][ ]/MV
Signal Cable: Select DYC-[ ][ ][ ]/MV
Installation Considerations
General
Pipe orientation
Ensure that pipe stays full
Meter orientation
Can be mounted in any direction
Materials of construction
Ensure that material is compatible with process fluid
Heat of Process
Ensure proper meter selection for process temperature
Successful Vortex Applications
Proper Vortex Sizing

Process conditions
Piping requirements
Full pipe
Piping Requirements
Proper Piping Requirements
Gas
Attitude insensitive
Full pipe required
Good alignment of piping
Concentric Reducers if required
Proper gasket selection and installation
Correct I.D. required

Self Centering (Recommended)
Proper material
Problems occur if... gasket is too
small,gasket is deformed, has shifted
position, or if the mating pipe connection is
misaligned.`
Pressure and Temperature Taps
Reliable Flow Measurement Solution

Vortex has come a
long way over the
year.
Use Vortex as
another flow
measurement
solution. It really
does Work!
Visit us on our website

WWW.US.Yokogawa.COM
Thank You
Yokogawa Corporation of America

Vortex Flow Technology

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Vortex Flow Technology

Yokogawa Corporation of America

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

History of YEWFLO Vortex

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Dual Sensor Designs

Redundant sensors for

High Pressure Design

A slow moving putt barely displaces

The higher velocity of a chip shot

The velocity associated with a drive is

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Stiff breeze - Transition flow,

Strong wind - Turbulent flow,

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

When a flowing medium strikes a non-streamlined bluff object,

Typical Vortex Sensors

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Unique Sensor Design

Flow hits the shedder bar, separates

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

What is Strouhal Number?

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Unique Sensor Design

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Field Proven Mechanical Construction

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Why are more users applying Vortex?

Can be applied in most applications where

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Vortex Flowmeter Benefits

Digital flow signal

Low installed cost

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Vortex Performance Benefits

Featuring YOKOGAWAs new, proprietary

SSP~Spectral Signal Processing

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Adaptive Noise Suppression (ANS)

ANS takes advantage of

Bending moment of shedder

SSP ~ Spectral Signal Processing

The signal is split into individual

Signal Processing Circuitry

Noise Ratio Setting

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Low Flow Response

Fluid: Water Size: 50mm Setting: Default

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Simplified Parameter Settings

HART Communicator Menu Tree for

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

New Compact Amplifier Housing

Smaller than Yewflo*E

Fewer parts for improved reliability

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Features & Functions Summary

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation

Features & Functions Summary

Copyright Yokogawa Electric Corporation