Beruflich Dokumente
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CHEMICAL IN INDUSTRY
ALLOY
Mixture that contains at least one
metallic element in it
Stronger than pure metal
Pure metal
Weaker than alloy
PROPERTIES:
1. Soft
2. Weak
3. Ductile (can break easily) (
)
4. Malleable (the shape can change easily)
( )
5. Rust easily
ALLOYING PROCESS
DEFINITION :
A process of adding other metal or non
metal element into a pure metal
melt
Example
Composition
of alloy
99.5% iron
Steel
0.5% carbon
Properties
Uses
Hard
Strong
Resistant to
corrosion
Construction
materials for
buildings,
bridges, vehicle
and machines
Decorative items
Pewter 97% tin
Shiny
copper
corrosion
Tableware (spoon)
Malleable
Bronze 88% copper
12% tin
Hard
Strong
Resistant to
corrosion
Statues
Medals
Cup
Knife
Brass
75% copper
25% zinc
Hard
Shiny
Malleable
Resistant to
corrosion
1% magnesium
1% manganese
Light
Strong
Resistant to
corrosion
Stainless
steel
Shiny
Resistant to
corrosion
99% iron
15% chromium
14% nickel
Decorative
items
Musical
instruments
Food
containers
Aircraft bodies
Boat
Train
Bicycle
Buses
Make kitchen
utensil
SUPERCONDUCTOR OF ALLOY
SUPERCONDUCTOR
DEFINITION: a material that has no resistance to the flow
of electricity at a relatively low temperature
Alloy superconductor
Cooled with liquid nitrogen or helium
Temperature: -249.95C
Uses of superconductor
Medical field MRI machine
Transportation construction of
maglev train
Computer increase operating
speed
Military building special
machine to detect mines and
submarine communication
PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA
HABER PROCESShaber
iron catalyst
1 NITROGEN + 3 HYDROGEN
AMMONIA
450 C 550 C
200 atm
Uses of ammonia
a) Nitric acid
b)Fertilizers
c) Synthetic fiber - Nylon -
d)Detergent
e) Alkali
f) Cooling agent
g)coloring
Fertilizer
1. AMMONIUM SALT FERTILIZER
. Neutralization process
a) Ammonia + nitric acid
ammonium nitrate + water
b) Ammonia + sulphuric acid
ammonium sulphate +
water
c) Ammonia + phosphoric acid
ammonium phosphate
+ water
) Ammonium salt is used as fertilizer because it has a high
content of nitrogen. Nitrogen is needed by plants for
healthy growth
2. UREA FERTILIZER
. Slow reacting fertilizer
. Produced through the reaction between ammonia and carbon dioxide
Source of pollution
Pollutant
Effect on
environment
Acidic gas
Toxic gas
Solid particles
Acid rain
Global warming
Corrosive waste
Heavy metal
Harm aquatic
ecosystem
Radioactive waste
Radiations
Cancer
Mutation
Birth defects
Infertility
Death
BRONZE
BRASS
PEWTER