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• Applications:
• satellite, cable, and terrestrial broadcasting,
digital networks, and digital VCR
Basics of MPEG
Types of pictures frames
I (intra) frame
compressed using only intraframe coding
Moderate compression but faster random access
P (predicted) frame
Coded with motion compression using past I frames or P frames
Can be used as reference pictures for additional motion compensation
B (bidirectional) frame
Coded by motion compensation by either past or future I or P frames
D (DC) frame
Limited use: encodes only DC components of intraframe coding
FRAME SEQUENCE
MPEG Compression is Based on
Processing
8 x 8 Pixel Blocks
Only Moving Areas Have to Be Coded
MOTION VECTOR
MOTION VECTOR
• Try to match each block in the actual picture to content
in the previous picture. Matching is made by shifting
each of the 8 x 8 blocks of the
• Two successive pictures pixel by pixel each direction
-> Motion vector
• Substract the two blocks -> Difference block
• Transmit the motion vector and the difference block
MPEG: Video Encoding
Regulator
Q-1
Pre Buffer
Predictive frame
Motion vectors
processing IDCT
+ Output
Input
Motion Frame
Compensation Memory
Motion
Estimation
MPEG-2
Why another standard?
− Support higher bit rates e.g., 80-100 Mbits/s for HDTV
instead of the 1.15 Mvits/s for SIF
− Support a larger number of applications
− The encoding standard should be a toolkit rather than a
flat procedure
Interlaced and non-interlaced frame
Different color subsampling modes e.g., 4:2:2, 4:2:0, 4:4:4
Flexible quantization schemes – can be changed at picture level
Scalable bit-streams
Profiles and levels
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