Prepared By

Mohamad Shakri bin Mohmad Shariff

2009106705

Proposed by Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi

Malaysia to construct a Kompleks IPPP and
Makmal Penyelidikan Berpusat (Research
Laboratory Center) at University Malaya, Kuala
Lumpur.
A soil investigation programme consists of 7
boreholes have been sunk with all the
associated disturbed and undisturbed
samplings and associated laboratory tests
5 mackintosh probing and 5 hand auger holes
been carried out by Messrs Kumpulan Ikram
Sdb Bhd (IKRAM).

Proposed Site

Geological Map of the Project

From the Geological map, the site may be in

3 geological formations, which are granite,
phyllite and limestone.
The phyllite formation may consist of state,
shale and sandstone.
By site visit, the area most likely within the
carboniferous age phyllite, slate, shale and
sandstone area.

The ground level at project site range

from RL 41.8 to RL 52.3.
The purposed level is around RL 41.8 .
The slope will cut to standardize of level.
For the drainage, perimeter drainage
exist around the area and also inside the
boundary according the staggered stages
of the existing car park.

FIGURE A1 : SOIL PROFILE ACROSS BOREHOLE BH1-BH4

FIGURE A2 : SOIL PROFILE ACROSS BOREHOLE BH5-BH7

FIGURE A3 : SOIL PROFILE ACROSS BOREHOLE BH1-BH4

The drilling of boreholes was terminated after a minimum of

3.0m of continuous rock coring or 5 time SPT N values = 50
blows

Based on borehole results, the subsoil mainly consist of sandy

SILT.

The standard Penetration test had been plot based on 5

boreholes (BH 1 BH 5) which are about the same level.

The soil layer and parameters had been analysis and design based
on SI result.

Chemical Test, Atterberg Limit Test Hydrometer Analysis are

example tests that had been conducted.
The silt basically have liquid limit around 25 to 62. silt in BH 5
indicated very high liquid limit as high as 62.

There was no rock encountered in all the boreholes which were

terminated within depth of 30 meter from the existing ground
level.

Prepared By
Teh Maisara Binti Mohd Hassan
2009762251
Nor Aziyatimah Binti Abdul Mutalib
2009905993

Large Diameter Cast-In In-Situ Piles (Bored

Piles)
Size : 450mm to 2m
(Up to 3.0m for special case)
Lengths : Varies
Structural Capacity : 80Ton to 2,300Tons (Tall
buildings or massive industrial complexes)
Concrete Grade : 20MPa to 35MPa (Tremie)
Joints : None
Installation Method : Drill then Cast-In-Situ

Axial Load Capacity

Concrete, Cc : 0.25 x fcu x
Ac
Steel , Sc : 175 x As
Total: Cc + Ac
where,
Concrete strength, fcu : 35
N/mm
Concrete area, Ac : (h x h) As
Pile size : h x h

Frictional Resistance
( kN/m )
Qs : p L f
where,
Perimeter, p : D
Depth, L
Skin friction, f

Pile NOS
No of Pile, N : Applied Load, Papp
Single Pile Capacity,
Qall

Skin Friction
( kN/m )
Clay / Silt / Sand : 2.5 x Average
SPT, N

Point Bearing Capacity

( kN/m )
Qp : Ap x qp
where,
Cross-section Area, Ap
qp : 50 x Average SPT, N

Allowable Load-Bearing
Capacity ( kN )
Qall : (Qs + Qp )/ FOS
where,
Factor of safety, FOS

Pile Data

Example

Soil Profile
for BH7

Plan
view

Cross-section of
bored pile

Bored piling is
used to remove
the soil and
rock.

For cohesionless
soils such as sands,
gravels, silts, pile
bore hole must be
supported using
steel casing or
stabilizing muds
such as bentonite
suspension

Reinforcement bar
will be put into
the bore hole

Concrete will be
poured into the
bore hole

Prepared By
Wan Mohd Azri Bin Wan Mohd Zubir
2009919835
Khairul Amri Bin Sanusi
2009106705

Pile cap defined as a concrete block cast on

the head of a pile, or a group of piles to
transmit load from structure to the pile.

Pile cap will laterally stabilize individual

piles thus increasing overall stability of the
group.

Pile cap must be rigid to transfer loads from

column to the piles.

Two methods of design pile caps;

Truss

Analogy Method
Beam Theory Method

Pile cap treated as an inverted cantilever

beam.
Design for the usual conditions of bending
and shear.
Applied to larger groups of piles.

Based on truss theory.

Load from column transmit to piles by
triangular truss action.
Concrete take as compressive members and
steel rebar as tensile members.
Limited up to file piles.

Determine size of pile cap based on pile

spacing of 3d and edge distance between
150~250mm.
Pile cap depth to be assumed as follows;
Pile
size

150

200

300

350

450

600

750

Depth

450

600

700

900

1000

1400

1800

Working load of pile normally based on

geotechnical capacity because structure
capacity is higher.

Determine rebar by Beam Method or Truss

Method.
Checking for shear at column face and
critical section (20% or 1/5 of pile diameter).
Allow shear enhancement.
Checking for punching shear if pile spacing
more than 3d(diameter of pile).
Checking detailing requirements such as
anchorage, bar spacing and cover.

PILE CAP DESIGN

Based on BS 8110
Design concept Beam Theory Method
Strength of concrete, fcu= 30N/mm2
Strength of reinf., fy = 460 N/mm2.
Min. cover to main reinf., c = 50mm
Column service load, F = 1660 KN
Column size = 400mm x 400mm
Bored pile diameter = 600mm

Min. cap design (length)

= 2(tolerance of pile) + bored pile diameter
= 150mm + 600mm
= 750mm say use 1000mm.

Min. cap design (breadth)

= bored pile diameter + 2(tolerance of pile)
= 600mm + 150mm
= 750mm say use 1000mm.

Check length to determine min. depth;

L = 2d(diameter of bored pile) + 100mm
= 2 (600mm) + 100mm
= 1300mm say 1500 mm
Or we can use Table Pile Cap Depth depends on
Size of Piles;

Pile size

150

200

300

350

450

600

750

Depth

450

600

700

900

1000

1400

1800

So use 1400mm for 600mm bored pile

diameter.

Hence, adopt single bored-pile cap size

= 1000mm x 1000mm x 1400mm
Effective depth;(ass. dia. of bar = 25mm)
= 1400mm 75mm - 25mm
= 1300mm

Main bar = 0.15% bd

= 0.15% (1000)(1300)
= 1950 mm2
Provide 6T25( 2950 mm2 > 1950 mm2)
Provide similar bar for both ways 6T25 and
tie bars for 3T16.
Provide anti-crack bar at top of pile cap for
more than 0.9m = 0.13% bh
= 0.13% (1000)(1400)
= 1820mm2
Provide 6T25( 2950 mm2 > 1820 mm2)

Detailing;

Detailing;

PILE CAP DESIGN

Detailing;

Detailing;

BH 4

BH 1

BH 6

BH 3

BH 5

BH 2

BH 7

A very good soil were found at approximately

7.5 m from ground level for BH1, BH2, BH3
and BH4.
A bored pile system were adopted to cater
for the large column load and estimated
shallow penetration for precast pile.
Bored pile with sizes varying from 500mm
dia. to 750mm dia. were adopted in this
exercise.