Frequency Reuse Introduction

Frequency
reuse
introduction
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GSM Frequency Band

GSM900
Upward 890 915 MHz
Downward 935 960 MHz
Tx-Rx difference is 45MHz carrier space is
200KHz
GSM1800
Upward 1710 1785 MHz
Downward 1805 1880 MHz
Tx-Rx difference is 95MHz carrier space is
200KHz
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GSM Channel Numbering

GSM900
FU(n) = 890 + 0.2n MHz

FD(n) = Fu(n) + 45 MHz 1 n 124
E-GSM900: FU(n) = 890 + 0.2(n-1024) 974 n 1023
FD(n) = Fu(n) + 45 MHz
n is called Absolutely Radio Frequency Channel Number.
GSM1800:
Fu(n) = 1710.2 + 0.2(n-512) MHz
FD(n) = Fl(n) + 95 MHz
512 n 885
374 channels
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Cellular Architecture
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Definition of C/I and C/A

Co-channel Interference C/I
C/I refers to the interference of another cell using
the same frequency to the current cell. The ratio of carrier
to interference is called C/I.
Pown _ cell
C
6
I
Pi _ BCCH
1
Where, Pown_cell is the signal strength of current cell;

Pi_BCCH is BCCH signal strength of interfering cell i
measured by MS.
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C/I and C/A
Co-channel Interference C/I

GSM specification regulates that C/I >9dB. In
implementing, it requires C/I>12dB.
Adjacent channel interference C/A
C/A refers to interference of adjacent cell to the
current cell. The ratio is called C/A. The GSM
specification regulates that C/A>-9dB.
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Frequency Reuse Distance

The following equation is used to estimate
frequency reuse distance:
D 3N * R
D frequency reuse distance

R cell radius
N frequency reuse factor. (FRF)
N=9 for 33;
N=12 for 4 3
For 3/9 frequency reuse,
D=5.2R
For 4/12 frequency reuse, D=6R
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Frequency Planning and

Interference Analysis
Frequency Reuse Patterns
Group Frequency Reuse Pattern (43,33)
Multiple Reuse Pattern (MRP)
Concentric Circle (normal concentric circle,

intelligent concentric circle)
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43 Frequency Reuse
D3
C1
A1
A2
C3
A1
A3
B1
B2
D2
C2
D1
D2
B3
A1
C3
B2
D3
C1
C2
B1
C1
B3
A1
A2
C3
D2
A3
B1
C3
C2
D1
D2
A1
D3
4 3 frequency reuse pattern is that each site is divided into 3

sector. 12 frequencies form a group which are distributed to 4
different sites. Each site owns 3 frequencies.
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43 Frequency Reuse
Group
AFN
A1
B1
C1
D1
A2
B2
C2
D2
A3
B3
C3
D3
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
TRX
C/I=18 dB
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33 Frequency Reuse
B3
C1
A1
A2
C3
A1
A3
B1
B2
A3
B2
C1
C2
B3
C1
B3
A2
C3
A1
A2
A1
C1
A3
B1
B2
A3
B2
B3
C1
C3
C2
A1
A2
A1
A3
3 3 frequency reuse pattern is that each site is divided into 3

sector. 9 frequencies form a group which are distributed to 3
different sites. Each site owns 3 frequencies.
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13 Frequency Reuse
1*3 FH DPC DTX
Most
A1
densely reuse pattern
BCCH
A1
(4*3)
Combined
with antiinterference technology

only use 50% of
the whole available frequency
A2
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A2
A2
A2
A3
A1
A3
A2
A1
A3
A1
A3
A1
Generally
C/I= 9.43 dB
A2
A3
A1
A2
A3
A3
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Set-forth of MRP(1)
The adoption of frequency reuse pattern depends mainly on
the condition of sites. In reality, there are great differences in
antenna height, earth shape and coverage. Moreover,
different cells have different traffic requirement, the number
of TRXs needed is also different. So, its unreasonable to
adopts idealized and regular frequency reuse pattern
indiscriminately, which will cause low frequency utilization
rate and difficult to ensure the C/I requirement.
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Set-forth of MRP(2)
So, in regard to real wireless network situation,
dynamic assigning frequency to cells according to their
traffic is the developing trend of frequency reuse
planing. Multiple frequency Reuse Pattern (MRP) is an
irregular and dynamic frequency reuse mode designed
according to GSM features.
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Principle of MRP
MRP is an irregular frequency reuse mode utilizing
irregularity and frequency hopping technology of GSM
system. That is, dividing frequency band into different
combinations, each combination adopting different
frequency reuse pattern. Each carrier of a cell may
adopts different frequency reuse pattern.
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MRP
Bandwidth=6 MHz
BCCH FRF=12
TCH1 FRF=9
TCH2
FRF=6 For Microcell
FRF:Frequency Reuse Factor
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MRP+FH+DTX+DPC
BCCH
TCH1
TCH2
TCH3
43
33
23
13
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Application of MRP
China mobile:MRP
Frequency bandwidth: 7.2MHz
AFN: 60 95
Divide 36 carrier frequencies into 4 group as per 12/9/8/7
Channel
type
Logic channel
TCH1
channel
Channel
number
60 61 62 63 64 65
66 67 68 69 70 71
72 73 74 75 76 77
78 79 80
ZTE University
service
TCH2
channel
service
81 82 83 84 85
86 87 88
TC3 service
channel
89 90 91 92
93 94 95
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Application of MRP
66
76
62
64
73
70
60
67
63
65
68
75
71
61
79
72
77
72
78
74
69
92
94
89
91
93
1) BCCH 4 3
2) TCH1 3 3
90
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82
92
94
4) TCH3 2 3
84
83
86
85
83
81
89
93
78
80
90
91
75
81
85
84
82
86
3) TCH2 2 3
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MRP Characters
Increase network capacity greatly and decrease average
frequency reuse factor to 7.5, thus increasing frequency
reuse efficiency greatly.
Flexible channel allocation. Different frequency reuse
pattern may be adopted step by step according to
capacity requirement.
Some carriers can be released for micro-cells.
Should combine with FH, DPC and DTX to lower
interference.
Especially for sites distributed unevenly.
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Comparison of the system capacities with group

multiplexing and MRP technologies
6MHZ
9.6MHZ
ZTE University
Multiplex mode
BS configuration
Average station
capacity
subscriber
Capacity
ratio
43
3/2/2 or 3/3/2
1440
33
3/3/3
1788
1 24
13
4/4/4
2640
1 83
MRP 12, 9, 6
**
3/3/3
1788
1 24
26
2/2/2/2/2/2
2160
15
43
4/4/4
2628
33
5/5/5
3384
1 29
13
6/6/6
4272
1 63
MRP 12, 9, 6
**
6/6/6
4272
1 63
26
3/3/3/4/4/4
4416
1 68
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Concentric
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2
2
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2 2
2
2 2
2
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Concentric 2
The principle of ordinary concentric is that a cell is divided
into underlay and overlay, both having the same site and
sharing the same TRXs, antenna and BCCH. The coverage of
underlay is the same as that of ordinary cell, while the overlay
use small transmitting power and thus has smaller coverage.
The frequency reuse factor of underlay differs from that of
overlay. The former adopts frequency reuse pattern of 4 3,
while the latter adopts closer pattern of 3 3, or 2 3. The
BCCH and SDCCH are used by underlay, in which the call
will be set up. As a cell is subdivided into two layers, a brand
new switching algorithm should be added. Inter-cell hand-over
is conducted in overlay,while overlay-underlay and intraunderlay is added to intra-cell hand-over.
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Concentric 3
The absorbing of traffic by overlay is limited by traffic
lay-out and coverage. It will increase the capacity by
10-30% and is related to traffic distribution. The
overlay is more suitable for outdoor traffic concentrated
in the vicinity of BTSs because of its smaller
transmitting power.
More attention should be paid when network planning
is carried out using concentric technology. On the
condition that the network quality will not be affected,
a closer frequency reuse pattern should be adopted. At
the same time, DPC and DTX technology should be
adopted to ensure network quality.
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C/I-based Concentric IUO

IUO:Intelligent Underlay Overlay
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2
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IUO (2)
IUO has the same network structure as ordinary
concentric, consisting of Overlay and Underlay. In
general, the two layers share the same site and antenna.
Similar to ordinary cell, the Underlay adopts 4*3
frequency reuse pattern, while the Overlay adopts closer
pattern. Like general macro cell, the Underlay realize
continuous covering mainly for MSs around boundaries
of cells. The Overlay realize discontinuous covering,
providing services mainly for MSs located nearby the
sites and inside buildings with strong isolation. Like
ordinary concentric, the control channel functions
within Underlay where calls are established.
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IUO 3
Different from ordinary concentric, the Underlay and
Overlay of IUO both use the same transmitting power.
Because the Overlay adopts closer frequency reuse
pattern, the chances of co-channel and adjacent channel
interference increase. So, IUO adopts a handing over
algorithm based on C/I to solve this problem. It functions
as follows: the call is established within Underlay, the
BSC continuously monitor the downward C/I in
Underlay. When C/I reaches applicable threshold, the call
will be handed over to Overlay. At the same time, the C/I
is monitored continuously and the call will be handed
over to Underlay if it deteriorates to inapplicable
threshold.
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IUO 4
The implementation of IUO is easy. Little modification

is needed and no special requirement to MSs. Because
of adopting special algorithm on handing over,
measurement and estimation on C/I, the speech quality
can be guaranteed while increasing the system capacity.
Because both Underlay and Overlay have the same
transmitting power, its very suitable for absorbing
traffic inside building which has a strong isolation
capability to radio signal. When implementing the
network, the C/I based handing over parameter should
configured correctly. The DPC and DTX should also be
considered.
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Comparison
Concentric
Overlay smaller transmitting
power
Handover based on power or
TA
Overlay coverage is fixed
but not reasonable
Absorb limited traffic
Handover algorithm is easy
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IUO
U/O same transmitting
power
Handover algorithm based
on C/I
Overlay coverage is fixed
and reasonable
Absorb more traffic
Handover algorithm is
complicated
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Capacity of C/I Based

Concentric Technology
Capacity comparison with 4x3pattern
Grade of Service (GOS) 2 %
Per subscriber traffic at busy hour 0.03 Erl
Bandwidth: 6M
Overlay adopts 4x3 pattern
Overlay 1x3
Overlay 2x3
overlay 3x3
Standard 4X3
0
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500
1000
2TRXs Undererlay
1500 2000
2500 3000
1TRXs Underlay
3500 4000
All underlay
4500
Subsc./bts
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Subscriber forecast
Growth trend forecast method

Population penetration method
Growth curve method
Conic method
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Frequency

GSM Frequency Band

GSM Channel Numbering

FU(n) = 890 + 0.2n MHz

Definition of C/I and C/A

Where, Pown_cell is the signal strength of current cell;

C/I and C/A

Co-channel Interference C/I

Frequency Reuse Distance

D frequency reuse distance

Frequency Planning and

Group Frequency Reuse Pattern (43,33)

Multiple Reuse Pattern (MRP)

Concentric Circle (normal concentric circle,

4 3 frequency reuse pattern is that each site is divided into 3

3 3 frequency reuse pattern is that each site is divided into 3

densely reuse pattern

with antiinterference technology

Comparison of the system capacities with group

C/I-based Concentric IUO

The implementation of IUO is easy. Little modification

Capacity of C/I Based

Growth trend forecast method

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