Chapter 12

CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR

Worlds Apart
 Core Lesson 1
 Slavery in the U.S.

The north and the

south were living
in 2 separate
worlds in many
ways!
 Introduction Activity

 Working in your groups, read section

1 on page 416-419.
 As you read, make a T-chart to
compare and contrast the
differences between the North and
South in the early 1800s.
North South
COTTON-the most valuable crop raised in
the South.

Things made from cotton…

The Struggle for Freedom
 Core Lesson 2
 The Antislavery Movement

 People in the United States disagreed on

the slavery issue.
 Many thought it was necessary to have
slaves in order to grow cash crops.
 Others believed it was wrong to enslave
people.
 Abolitionist- someone who joined the
movement to abolish, or end, slavery.
 Most abolitionists felt the ideas of slavery
went against Christianity.
 Many whites, free blacks, men and women
from both the North and South spoke out
against slavery in the abolitionist
movement.
 Leading Abolitionists

 William Lloyd Garrison-wrote an

antislavery newspaper called The
Liberator demanding all enslaved
blacks be freed.
 Frederick Douglas-well known black
abolitionist who often spoke to white
audiences about slavery.
 Sojournor Truth-well known black
woman born into slavery who spoke in
favor of abolition and women’s rights.
 Sarah and Angelina Grimke- daughters
of slave owner who spoke out against
slavery. They moved north when they
were adults.
 Free Blacks

 By 1860, about 500,000 free blacks

lived in the US.
 They often faced discrimination-unfair
treatment of particular groups.
 State laws in the south kept them
from traveling without permission
and meeting in groups without a
white person present.
 American Anti-Slavery Society was
created in 1833, which demanded
the immediate end of slavery.
 Underground Railroad

 A series of escape routes and hiding

places to help bring enslaved people
out of south.
 Abolitionists worked in secret
 Runaways could head for the north, to
Canada, or go south to Florida,
Mexico, or the Carribean.
 Free blacks were the main ones who
supported the Underground Railroad.
 Hiding places were called “stations.”
 “Conductors” were those who guided
the slaves along the way.
 Harriet Tubman

 Most famous conductor

 Escaped through the Underground
Railroad herself.
 Helped about 300 slaves escape to
freedom.
 She became a symbol of the
abolitionist movement.
Compromise and Conflict
 Core Lesson 3
 Slavery

 When a territory had a large enough

population, it would become a
state.
 When each piece of land became a
territory, Congress had to decide
whether or not to allow slavery in
that territory.
 Slave state-territories that allowed
slavery.
 Free state-did not permit slavery.
 Missouri Compromise-accepted Missouri as
a slave state and Maine as a free state.
 Congress then drew an imaginary line
across the rest of the territories and said
that only states south of that line could
have slavery.
 Compromise of 1850-allowed some states
to make the decision for themselves,
called popular sovereignty.
 Kansas Nebraska Act-gave popular
sovereignty to Kansas and Nebraska,
which were both north of the line.
 After a fight between both sides, Kansas
entered the Union as a free state.
 Fugitive Slave Law

 Was part of the Compromise of 1850.

 Ordered citizens to help catch
fugitives, a person who is running
away, and return them to their
owners.
 Many northerners did not obey the
law.
 Harriet Beecher Stowe was a writer
who was against the Fugitive Slave
Law. She wrote a book about the
cruelties of slavery called Uncle
Tom’s Cabin, which helped to
 Dred Scott

 Enslaved man from Missouri who

asked the court for his freedom.
 Argued that he had once lived in
Illinois and Wisconsin, both a free
state and free territory.
 Supreme Court decided against him,
which was a victory for slave
owners.
 The Dred Scott decision meant that
slavery had to be legal in all
territories.
 John Brown’s Raid

 John Brown was an abolitionist who

decided to fight slavery on his own.
 He led an attack against the U.S.
Army post at Harper’s Ferry,
Virginia.
 He was captured, put on trial for
treason, found guilty, and hanged.
 By this time, the north
and south were deeply
divided over slavery!
 The southern states
began to feel like they
should leave the Union.