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DRAINAGE

DONE BY : SOUMYA GUPTA

CLASS: IX
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.1 KALPAKKA

INTRODUCTION
DRAINAGE : The river system of an area is called
drainage. The area
drained by a single river system is called the drainage
basin

DRAINAGE BASIN : Adrainage basin is an extent or an


area of land
where surface water from rainandmelting snow orice
converges
to a single point at a lower elevation, usually the exit of
the basin,
where the waters join another water body, such as
ariver,lake,sea,
orocean.

WATER DIVIDE : Awater divide is the line that separates


neighbouringdrainage basins. Inhilly areas , the divide
may be in the
form of a single range of hills ormountains, known as a
dividing
range. In flat areas especially where the ground ismarshy
the divide
may be harder to discern.

DRAINAGE PATTERN
a) Dendritic Drainage Pattern : When the river channel
follows the slope of the terrain , it forms Dendritic
drainage pattern.
b) Trellis Drainage Pattern: When the river is joined by
its tributaries at right angles, the river forms Trellis
drainage pattern.
c) Rectangular Drainage Pattern : When rocks are
strongly joined , they form rectangular pattern.
d) Radial Drainage Pattern :When the streams flow in
different directions from a central peak , a radial
pattern is developed

DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN INDIA


The drainage system of India are mainly controlled by the
broad relief features of the subcontinent.
The Indian rivers are divided into two major groups:
The Himalayan rivers
The Peninsular rivers

Difference Between Himalayan


Rivers and Peninsular Rivers
Himalayan
Rivers
Most of the
Himalayan
Rivers are
perennial river.
They have long
courses from
their source to
sea.

Peninsular
Rivers
Most of the
Peninsular Rivers
are Nonperennial.
They have
shorter and
shallower
courses.

THE HIMALAYAN
RIVERS
The major Himalayan rivers are
The Indus
The Ganga
The Brahmaputra
Now we shall see about these
rivers in detail in the following
slides.

THE INDUS RIVER SYSTEM


The river Indus originates in Tibet; near
Lake Mansarowar. It enters India in the
Ladakh district of Jammu & Kashmir.

Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum join together


and enter the Indus near Mithankot in Pakistan. After
that, the Indus flows southwards and finally reaches
the Arabian Sea, east of Karachi.

Indus is 2900 km long. The Indus plain has a very gentle


slope. little over one-third of the Indus basin is located in
India; in the states of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh
and Punjab. The rest of the portion is in Pakistan.

THE
GANG
A

The mother of Indian


rivers- Ganga

The headwaters of Ganga are called Bhagirathi. It is


fed by the Gangotri Glacier. It is joined by Alaknanda
at Devprayag in Uttarakhand.

.
The first town she reaches on leaving the mountains is
Rishikesh. At this point she is wider and slower. She
becomes a real river, no more the turbulent stream
that flows through canyons and ravines

Her main flow is through the Gangetic plain: the vast


flat land that stretches from the north to south to the
state of Uttar Pradesh and from its West all the way to
the Eastern state of West Bengal. Passing through
famous towns such as Varanasi.

Finally, past Kolkata in the east, the Ganges reaches the


ocean creating one of the world largest river deltas and
home to the beautiful Sundarban forests.

THE
BRAHMAPUTR
A

The origin of Brahmaputra River is in southwestern Tibet .The


river takes birth at the Mansarovar of the Himalayas, flows
through Tibet, China, Burma, India and joins with River
Ganges in Bangladesh.

Called the Tsangpo in Tibet, it flows past the


towns of Xigatse and Tsedang and then climbs
north. It curves around a majestic mountain
called the Namche Barwa, shortly before
entering India
Along the Brahmaputra are a thousand
chars or river islands. Several nomads live
on them who wander from one island to
another.

Finally, passing through Bangladesh, it


becomes the Padma river and enters the Bay
of Bengal in the Sundarbans along with the
Ganga.

Click icon to add


picture

THE PENINSULAR RIVER

Most of the
major rivers of
the Peninsula
such as the
Mahanadi , the
Godavari , the
Krishna and the
Kaveri drain into
the Bay of the
Bengal. Let us
see some of the
rivers detail.

THE
NARMAD
A BASIN

The Narmada is born in a small tank called Narmada


Kund
on the Amarkantak Hill in Eastern Madhya Pradesh

The Kanha National Park lies close to the


Narmada in the Maikal Plateau. Unusual
species of birds and animals are found here.

The Sardar Sarovar project is part of a plan


to take Narmadas waters to states further
away where there is little rainfall and not
much water for people and crops.

THE
KAVERI
BASIN
River Kaveri The Ganga
Of
South India

Kaveri starts as a small spring in Karnataka


Talakaveri, high up in the mountains of the
Brahmagiri of the Western Ghats. At this spot
stands a temple which has a tank filled with
the rivers water.

A little further down the Kaveri forks to form a


rocky island called Srirangapatna; until the end
of the 18th century this was the capital of the
Mysore kingdom.

At Sivasamudram the Kaveri tumbles down


as a rapids and waterfalls, where the river
plunges downward in a wonderful cascade
to a depth of 300-350 ft.
Kaveri enters the sea in a triangle-shaped
delta in Tamil Nadu. The delta is large and
covers 14 lakh hectares of land. The ancient
temple town of Tanjavur stands at the head of
the delta

INDIA RIVERS

LAKES

India has a large number of beautiful


lakes and greatriversspread all over the
country from Kashmir to Kerala and from
Rajasthan to Assam.
Lakes in India can be divide as man made
as well as natural, furthernatural
lakeagain divided as freshwater lake and
brackish water lakes.
Indira Sagar reservoir the big lake is
thebiggest reservoir in Indiaand The
Sambhar Salt Lake is Indias largest
inland salt lake. Most of the lakes in India
are fresh water lakes, Dal Lake in Kashmir

DAL LAKE

Dal Lake is the is


the nature gift to
the mankind.
Undoubtly it is
one of the most
beautiful lake in
India. The lake is
divided into the
major three parts
known as Gagri
bal, Lokut Dal
and Bod Dal.
Dotted with
numerous
Mughal Gardens
and orchards, it
is one of the
most sought
destination in
India.

CHILIKA LAKE

situated on the
east coast of
Orissa. It is
largest brackish
salt water lagoon
in Asia. Chilka
Lake is the
popular
destination for
the Eco tourism.
The lake receives
direct water
supply from the
Mahanadi river.
The lake holds
the rich flora and
fauna and is the
famous birding
site in India.

INDIA LAKES

ROLE OF RIVER IN THE


ECONOMY
Rivers have been of fundamental importance throughout
the human history. Rivers have played a important role in
the human history .water is the most essential unit of
human life . since ancient times people have settled on the
banks of the rivers.
Rivers are useful for irrigation, navigation and hydro power.

Irrigation

Navigation

Hydro power

So it can be said that economy of river depends on its


rivers.

RIVER POLLUTION

The growing domestic,


municipal, industrial and
agricultural demand for
water from rivers naturally
affects the quality of water.
As a result, more and more
water is being drained out
of the rivers reducing their
volume. On the other hand,
a heavy load of untreated
sewage and industrial
effluents are emptied into
the rivers. This affects not
only the quality of water
but also the self-cleansing
capacity of the river.

THE

END

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