Globalisation, Dual Identity

& Global City of Distinction

Presented by: Kyaw Kyaw Aung

Htu Co Aung

http://www.sharonleightonconsultancy.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/globalisatio

Globalisation: 20th Century

Bringing the world closer
Better world wide communication
Impeccable flow/massive sharing of information

Globalisation: 21st Century

Multidimensionality
21 variables in NGI
No clear and commonly accepted definition
3 commonly accepted dimensions of globalisation
Economic, political and cultural

http://www.transitioning.org/2010/10/27/globalisation-a-bane-or-boon-for-singap

Globalisation: 21st Century

Globalisation is a process of growing interaction and
interdependence between economies, societies and
nations across large distances.
Petra Vujakovic

http://ruralreporters.com/globalisation-interconnectedness-and-the-digital-media-

Globalisation: 21st Century

Interconnectedness
Interdependence/Interaction among countries and economies
Interchanging ideas, products, capital, services, labour and other
aspects of culture

http://www.mtdtraining.com/blog/the-effects-of-globalisation-on-business.htm

Role of
globalisation
in Singapores
Economy
development

http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20120219/businessnews/globalisation-increasing-despite-uncertain-economic-outlook-

Singapores Economic
Development: 1960s
Labour-intensive economy
Entrepot trade
Massive unemployment (1965)
Intensive industrialisation
EDB setting up
http://www.invoiceplace.com/blog/2011/04/05/top-10-dying-industries/

Singapores Economic
Development: 1970s
Capital-intensive economy
Resolved unemployment problem
High-tech manufacturing industries
Beginning of globalisation in Singapore

http://www.ultraelectronics.com/Uploads/BusinessImages/Motherboard_450.jpg

Singapores Economic
Development: 1980s
Growth of economy in modern industries
Science, technology, IT
Significant globalisation process
Foreign investments, labour, expertise (PMETs)
Co-establishments of institutions of technology
Workforce training programmes (local/overseas)

Singapores Economic
Development: 1990s
Beginning of knowledge/Investment based economy
Growth of R&D, IT, automation, computer & high-tech electronics
Innovation hub as well as economy hub in SEA
Electronics contribution in the countrys GDP
11.1 % of total GDP growth
38.7 % of total manufacturing output

https://topicdiscussion.wordpress.com/tag/electro

Role of Globalisation: GDP

Growth

GDP 2015, Department of Statistics Singapore

High-tech electronics exportation

RAMs, IC chips, wafers
Service Industries
Financial consultants
Info-comm
Transportation and storage

Role of Globalisation: International

Investments
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
16.4% increase (2014)

Direct Investment Abroad

12.8% increase (2014)

GDP 2015, Department of Statistics Singapore

Role of Globalisation: Labour

Movement

Ministry of Manpower

Low to semi-skilled workforce

Inexpensive labour
Bi-directional flow of PMETs
Workforce training programme, seminars

Role of Globalisation: Tourism

One of the major sources of
foreign income
10.9% of total GDP (2014)
Growth of tourism related
businesses
Hotels, casino, resorts
Singapore Tourism Board

Summary: Globalisation in
Singapores Economy Development
GDP growth
Increased international investments
Labour movement
Tourism

Globalisation: Hub of SEA

Innovation hub
Co-establishments of R&D, international competitions
Economy hub
Centre of trade
Education hub
World-class universities

Singapore: Where Cultures Meet

British Legacy
Western essence in institutional matters
Asian Values
Ancestors from various Asian countries

http://aavf.dk/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/east-west.jpg

Singapore: A Global City

High-skilled people
Diverse ethnic population
Global linkages
Physical infrastructure
Influence in international political affairs
Cosmopolitan outlook

Uniqueness of Singapore: Dual

identity
Only island city-state
Global city in the heart of Southeast Asia
Lion City, Garden City and Red Dot

Advantages

https://sudhirtv.com/2012/12/19/reimagining-the-singaporearmed-forces-and-national-service/

Excellent national security

Easy to manage borders
Immigration control
No countryside threats

Advantages
Development as a whole nation
Global city as well as global nation

Advantages
Resilience
Adaptability to changing contexts
Resistance to sudden shocks
Fast recovery to a desired equilibrium

Self-perpetuating
Great flexibility in policies

https://s-media-cacheak0.pinimg.com/736x/48/6f/1a/486f1a0091b414b02dbcb8b7597f
c6c3.jpg

Singapore: Better Global City?

Still a work-in-progress
Two critical reasons
Geographic space
Social issues

Obstacles

http://worldtoptop.com/national-museum-singapore/

Lack of space for expansion

Limited land
Numerous industries (Globalisation)
Removal of sentimental monuments
No sprawling countryside retreats

Obstacles

https://areyousingaporean.wordpress.com/backgroundinfo/overview/

Lack of human resources

No hinterland
Reliance on foreign talents
Balancing national identity and cosmopolitan openness

Obstacles
Rising standard of living

http://www.123rf.com/photo_12942468_3d-illustration-of-threerising-arrow-breaking-floor-teamwork-concept.html

Increased costs of living and operation

MNCs shifting operations to lower-cost locations
Retrenching and increased unemployment rate
Even locals have to pay a high price

Obstacles
Social challenges
Foreigners competing with locals for jobs and space
Political and social discontentment

Obstacles
Over-reliance on its manufacturing industries
Vulnerable to negative economic conditions in other countries
Example: Singapores GDP declined during the financial crisis
of 2007/2008

Challenges
Unsustainable manpower
Migration of Singaporeans to other countries
No guarantee of foreign talents stay

Challenges
Ageing population
Declining birth-rate

http://olevelgeog.blogspot.sg/2012/09/singapores-declining-birthrate.html

Challenges
Limited land expansion

Challenges
Improvement of other sectors such as sports, arts,
entertainment, entrepreneurship
Transforming Singapores economy into knowledge
based economy

Dual identity of Singapore can be

considered as an obstacle to Singapore
becoming a better global city!