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Kultur Dokumente
Hippocrate
s
460-370
B.C.
Aristotle
384-322
B.C.
Galen
130-200
A.D.
Leonardo da
Vinci
1452-1519
Michelangelo
1475-1564
Rene Descartes
1596-1650
Descartes's theory was inaccurate, but he isolated the three basic questions that
underlie a behavioral response to stimulation:
1. How do our nerves detect a sensory stimulus and inform the brain about it?
2. How does the brain decide what response should be made?
3. How does the brain command muscles to move to produce a behavioral
Functional localization
In 1862, he showed that a patient
with a stroke in his left frontal lobe
could understand language but could
not speak.
This area is now called Brocas area.
Like Broca, Wernicke had a
similar stroke victim. But this
time the patient could speak
but made no sense. The
damaged area was around
where the temporal and
parietal lobes meet in the
posterior part of the left
hemisphere.
Pierre Paul
Broca
1824-1880
Carl
Wernicke
1848-1904
2. Parietal
Integrates sensations
into body coordinates
3. Temporal
Hearing, language,
memory, smell, taste
4. Occipital
Visual processing
Levels of organization
Only Animalia
(Kingdom) contains
species with muscles
and nervous
systems.
Muscles and nervous
systems evolved
together to underlie
the forms of
movement
(behavior) that
distinguish members
of the animal
kingdom.
Humans and
chimpanzees
share a common
ancestor 510
million years
ago.
Fun fact: chimps
are more closely
related to
humans than
they are to
Australopithecus afarensis
erthals co-existed (and interbred) with H. sapiens (we share 4% of our genes)
The brain of
Australopithecus
was about the
same size as that
of living
nonhuman apes,
but succeeding
members of the
human lineage
display a steady
increase in brain
brain issize.
actually smaller than the Neanderthal brainso what makes us so specia
CLIMATE CHANGE:
About 8 MYA, the Great Rift Valley emerged
creating a dry landscape where our ancestor lived.
This led to fewer trees and more tall grasses.
We were forced from an existence in the trees to one on the ground.
BEHAVIOR CHANGE: Started to stand up to see over the grasses.
Allowed us to see approaching predators (big cats).
Freed our hands to hold and carry stuff, gather food and allowed us to be
more creative and develop tools and weapons. (Why are we (mostly) right handed. Hint:
where is our heart?)
Hominid
ancestors
lived here and
evolved into
present day humans
As brains got larger, large heads couldnt pass through birth canal. Brains
began to develop more out of the womb. Led to need for females to stay
back at camp with the kids while the males hunted. Staying put led to a
greater reliance on tools and less on size and strength.
Socialization also allowed time for parents to teach culture (such as tool
making, hunting and language) to their babies, leading to larger brains..