The effectiveness of healthcare

delivery is dependent on the

ability of clinicians to access
critical health information when
and where it is needed.
Health Care is fundamentally a
process of
COMMUNICATION.
DATA STANDARDS
methods, protocols, terminologies, and
specification for the collection, exchange,
storage and retrieval of information associated
with health care applications
GOAL: Congruence of actions based on the
actual meaning of data
ANALYSIS

KNOWLEDG
DATA INFORMATION
E
Health Care Data Interchange
Standards
FORMAT
Messag (Standard) Messag
e e

Messag
e
USER COMPUTER CLINICAL
INTERFACE SYSTEM TEMPLATES

Messag DOCUMENT Messag

e ARCHITECTURE e
Types of HC Data Standards
Message Format Standards
Data Content Standards
Message Format Standards
National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics
(NCVHS) study the issues related to the
adoption of uniform data standards for patient
medical record information and the electronic
exchange of such information.
 Examples of Message Format
Standards
NAME DESCRIPTION
P1073 Medical Information supports real-time, continuous,
Bus (MIB) and comprehensive capture,
and communication of data
from bedside medical devices

Wi-fi/802.11 allows wireless connection to

the internet through access
points
DICOM standard dominant international data
interchange message format in
biomedical imaging
 Examples of Message Format
Standards
NAME DESCRIPTION
X12N standard – national standards for
administrative transactions in
health care – claims, enrolment,
and eligibility in health plans, and
first report of injury under HIPAA
requirements
National Council for -for information processing of
Prescription Drug Programs pharmacy services
(NCPDP) standards e.g. Telecommunication standard
version 5.1, Electronic prescription
transactions
HL7 standards facilitate the interchange of data to
support clinical practice both within
and across institutions
Data Terminologies
Under Message
Format Standards
NAME DESCRIPTION
International Statistical – latest version of mortality and
Classification of Diseases morbidity classification that
and Related Health originated in 1893; widely
Problems: 9th revision (ICD-9- accepted; used by diagnostic
CM; ICD-10) related groups (DRG’s) used in
hospital reimbursement and for
death tabulation
Current Procedural - listing of descriptive terms and
Terminology, 4th revision codes for reporting medical
(CPT-4) services and procedures, with
additional modifiers and guidelines
for correct usage
Systemized Nomenclature of
Human Veterinary Medicine
Systemized Nomenclature of – comprehensive, multiaxial
Human Veterinary Medicine nomenclature and classification
International, Clinical terms system created for indexing human
(SNOMED) and veterinary medical vocabulary
NAME DESCRIPTION
Logical observation set of universal names and
identifiers names and codes numeric identifier codes for
(LOINC) laboratory and clinical
observations and measurements
in a database structure

RxNorm provides standard names for

clinical drugs and for dose forms
as administered, active
ingredients, drug components,
and some related brand names
NANDA
Nursing Interventions
Classification (NIC)
Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual for Mental Disorders
(DSM—III-R)
Data Content Standards
standard data element with a uniform definition
and coding convention to collect data on persons
and on events or encounters; building blocks of
*minimum data sets
*Minimum data set – minimum set of items with
uniform definitions and categories concerning a
specific aspect or dimension of the healthcare
system which meets the essential needs of multiple
users (HIPC, 1983)
Examples of Data Content
Standards
National Uniform Claim committee data set
for a noninstitutional claim
Standard Guide for content and structure of
the computer-based patient record (ASTM
E1384-96) – publishes over 9,000 standards
covering all sectors in the health economy;
provides a framework vocabulary for the
computer-based patient record (CPR) content
 3 Factors That Affect
Development of Standards:
Factors Description
Proprietary standards developed by vendors in the
market; developed quickly and
can be supported by available
implementations and tools
Legislated standards developed by government
organizations; widely accepted,
available and accessible to the
public
Consensus-based developed by SDO’s and
standards adopted by virtue of their
utility; reflects the perspectives
of a wide variety of interested
stakeholders; slow development
ORGANIZATIONS THAT COORDINATE
STANDARDIZATION OF HEALTH CARE
ORGANIZATION DESCRIPTION
ISO Technical committee coordinate the development of
(TC) 215 on Health international healthcare
Informatics information standards,
including data standards
European Technical for medical informatics;
Committee for develop standards in area of
Standardization (TC 251) healthcare data management
and interchange
American National coordinator for voluntary
Standards Institute (ANSI) standards activity; coordinated
both SDO’s and other
stakeholders in the area of
 ORGANIZATIONS THAT
COORDINATE STANDARDIZATION
OF HEALTH CARE
ORGANIZATION
Object Management Group
(OMG)
HIPAA administrative
simplification provisions (Titleadministrative overhead;
II, Subtitle F)
DESCRIPTION
international consortium, for-
profit vendors of IT,
interested in the
development of standards
based on object-oriented
technologies
passed to decrease
specifies the adoption of
uniform data standards for
patient medical record
information (Sec. 263)