Structure

Diagram

Example of program
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
/* Define complex double data type */
//typedef complex<double> dcomp;
int main()
{
dcomp i, a, b, c, d, e, p, q, r;
// Declare complex double variables
double x, y;

/* Test mathematical functions using complex

double variables */
c = sqrt(i);
d = sin(i);
e = pow(i, 0.25);
printf("\nsqrt(i) = (%6.4f, %6.4f)\n", c);
printf("sin(i) = (%6.4f, %6.4f)\n", d);
printf("i^0.25 = (%6.4f, %6.4f)\n", e);
/* Test complex operations */
p = conj(i);
q = real(i);
r = imag(i);
printf("\nconj(i) = (%6.4f, %6.4f)\n", p);
printf("real(i) = %6.4f\n", q);
printf("imag(i) = %6.4f\n", r);

/* Set complex double variable

equal to complex double constant */
i = dcomp (0., 1.);
printf("\ni = (%6.4f, %6.4f)\n", i);
/* Test arithmetic operations with
complex double variables */
a = i * i;
b = 1. / i;
printf("\ni*i = (%6.4f, %6.4f)\n", a);
printf("1/i = (%6.4f, %6.4f)\n", b);

return 0;
}

Flow Charts
A flowchart

is a
graphical method of
describing an
algorithm.

To see

the overall
flow of logic

Symbols
Start/End

Internal process

Decision
(loop, selection)
connector

Input / Output

Function

Structure Program I
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int number, a,b=10;

Start

Request user
enter number

printf("Enter a number: ");

scanf("%d", &number);
a = number + b;
printf("a is %d\n", a);

Total = Number + 10

Print total num

return 0;
}

End

Structure Program II
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
float side, perimeter, area;
side = 3.12;
perimeter = 4.06 * side;
area = side * side;
printf("Side
: %.3f\n", side);
printf("Perimeter: %.2f\n", perimeter);
printf("Area
: %.1f\n", area);

Start

Declaration and
initialization for side,
perimeter and area

Print value of side,

perimeter and area

}
End

Selection Program (IF)

#include<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int score;

Start

Declaration score

Request user to
input score

printf("Insert the amount of score :\n");

scanf("%d", &score);
if (score >= 50)
{
printf ("Congratulations!\n");
}

Print
congratulation

printf ("Your score is %d\n", score);

Print score

return (0);
}

Score >=
50?

yes

End

no

Selection Program (IF)

Program\L4_7(pg62).doc

int main(void)
{
int score;
char grade;
printf("Insert the amount of score :\n");
scanf("%d", &score);
if (score >= 50)
{
grade = 'P';
printf ("Congratulations! \n");
}
else
{
grade = 'F';
}
printf ("Your score is %d\n", score);
printf ("Your grade is %c\n", grade);
return (0);
}

score >=
50?

no

yes

grade = Pass

print congrat

print score
and grade

grade = Fail

Selection Program (IF)

printf("Input three integers:");
scanf("%d%d%d", &x, &y, &z);
if (x<y)
{

Program\L4_11(pg65).doc

request 3 integers input

Yes

No

(x < y)?

min = x;
}
else
{

min = y

min = x

min = y;
}
if (z < min)
{
min = z;
}
printf("The minimum value is
%d\n", min);

(z <
min)?
Yes
min = z

print minvalue

No

Selection Program (IF)

if (score >= 85)
{
grade = 'A';
}

Yes
Grade = A

Program\L4_12(pg66).doc

Score >
85 ?

No
Yes

else if (score >= 80)

{
grade = 'B';
}
else if (score >= 70)
{
grade = 'C';
}
else
{
grade = 'F';
}

Score >
80 ?

No

Grade = B

Yes
Score >
70 ?

No
Grade = C

Grade = F

Print score and grade

Selection Program (switch)

printf("Enter a number:\n");
scanf("%d", &n);

case 4:

switch (n) {
case 1:

case 5:

printf("Four\n");
break;
printf("Five\n");
break;

printf("One\n");
break;

default:
printf("Invalid number!\n");
}

case 2:
printf("Two\n");
break;
case 3:

Request user to input choice

printf("Three\n");
break;

Choice?

Case 1
Print
one

Case 2
Print
two

Case 3
Print
three

Case 4
Print
four

Case 5
Print
five

default
Invalid
input

Have a try!!

Question try this!

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int choice;
printf(Welcome to add subtract calculator program\n);
printf(Please choose one of the following\n);
printf(1. add two numbers\n);
printf(2. substract two numbers\n);
printf(3. exit\n);
printf(your choice: \n);
scanf(%d,&choice);
swtich(choice)
{
case 1: add();
break;
case 2:
substract();
break;
case 3:
printf(Thanks for testing my program!\n);
break;
}
return 0;

Iteration Program
#include <stdio.h>
int main (void)
{
int data, sum=0;

Start

Declaration for data and sum = 0

Request user to input data

scanf("%d", &data);
while (data >= 0)
{
sum += data;
scanf("%d", &data);
}
printf ("The sum is %d\n", sum);

Data > =
0?
Yes
Sum = sum + data

Request user to input data

Print sum

return (0);
}

No

End

Iteration Program
Request user to input
amount of looping (n)

printf("How many numbers you wish to enter? ");

scanf ("%d", &n);
printf("\nEnter %d decimal numbers:",n);

Request user input data

do {
scanf ("%d", &x);
Max <
data ?

if (max < x)
{
max = x;
}

Yes

Max = data

cnt++;
} while (cnt < n);
printf ("\nMaximum value: %d\n", max);

No

Cnt + 1

Yes

Count <
n?
Print Max value

No

Simple Function
#include<stdio.h>
void prn_message()
{
printf("\tHave a nice day!\n");
}

Start

Print have a nice day

Function
program

End

Start

Declaration for n

int main(void)
{
int n;
printf("There is a message for you, \n");
prn_message();
return (0);

Print message

Main
prog

Print message function

}
End

Function
void prn_message(int k)
{
int i;
printf ("Here is the message:\n");
for (i = 0; i <k; i++)
printf (" Have a nice day!\n");

Function
program

}
int main (void)
{
int n;
printf ("There is a message for you. \n");
printf ("How many times do you want to see it?");
scanf ("%d", &n);
prn_message(n);
return (0);
}

Main
program

Main program
int main (void)
{
int n;
printf ("There is a message for you. \n");
printf ("How many times you want to
see?");
scanf ("%d", &n);
prn_message(n);
return (0);

Start

Declaration for n

Request user input n

Print message function

}
End

Function program
void prn_message(int k)
{
int i;

Declaration for i

Print message

printf ("Here is the message:\n");

for (i = 0; i <k; i++)
printf (" Have a nice day!\n");
}

Start

i < end of
loop?
i ++

Yes
print have a nice day

End

No

Practical time!!