LTE Capacity Engineering

14 Sep 2015

Factors Impacting Capacity in LTE

Multiple Access Techniques OFDMA and SC FDMA
Interference management
Multiple Antenna Techniques
SPS Semi Persistent Scheduling (for VoIP by reducing control channel
load)
Short Sub frame Duration and Low HARQ Round Trip Time
Advanced Receivers like LMMSE (Linear Minimum Mean Squared
Error) with IRC ( Interference Rejection Combining)
Reducing Layer 1 and Layer 2 Overheads

015 Samsung Electronics

Interference Management in LTE

LTE system provides orthogonal resources allocation in the frequency
domain which enables frequency domain multi user diversity gain
LTE supports various techniques to mitigate inter cell interference DOWN LINK
CRS Cell Specific Reference Signals have frequency shift applied as
per PCI
Down Link Control Channels a cell specific frequency offset is
applied to PCFICH and PHICH , for PDSCH interleaving provides
frequency diversity
ICIC Inter Cell Interference Co-ordination Techniques by utilizing
RNTP Relative Narrow band Transmit Power messages over X2
interface
UPLINK
Fractional Power Control
Resources Allocation higher RBs at Cell center and Lower RBs
at Cell Edge
PUCH cell specific symbol level cyclic shift hopping is applied .
Each PUCCH RB is mapped to both edges of the system
bandwidth to achieve frequency diversity
Independent interference management techniques like power
control can be applied to control and data channels

015 Samsung Electronics

Reducing Layer 1 and Layer 2

Overheads

Any part of the time frequency transmission resources not directly

used for data transmission constitutes an overhead
Required to minimize these overheads while achieving high system
performance and flexibility
Overheads are Guard bands, the OFDM CP, RS and Control Channels
The percentage overhead increases with number of transmit
antennas due to higher RS overhead
Thus the Gain from MINO has to offset this increased overhead

015 Samsung Electronics

Example of Overheads - FDD

Example of Percentage Overhead of LTE FDD calculated over 10 ms
radio frame for 10 MHz Bandwidth
RE in 10 ms radio frame for 10 MHz = 84 * 2*10*50 = 84000
CRS per RB = 4 RE for antenna 1 and 2 and 2 RE for antenna 3 and
4

015 Samsung Electronics

Guard Band

015 Samsung Electronics

OFDM Symbols and CP Lengths

015 Samsung Electronics

Cell Specific Reference Signals for

one Antenna

015 Samsung Electronics

CELL SPECIFIC REFERENCE SIGNALS FOR FOUR

ANTENNA
RS requiredPORTS
for

channel estimation
for coherent
detection
Port 0 and 1 have
four RS per RB
Port 2 and 3 have
two RS per RB to
reduce overheads
Every six
subcarriers have
one RB
When one antenna
radiated RS, other
keep quiet so that
UE can measure
one RS at any time
Cell Specific
Frequency Shift is
applied up to six
cells to reduce inter
cell interference
015 Samsung Electronics

Control Channels

015 Samsung Electronics

10

PDCCH
Each PDCCH carries a message known as DCI Down Link Control
Information which contains resource assignments and other control
information for a UE or a group of UEs
Each PDCCH is transmitted using one of more CCEs Control Channel
Elements which each CCE corresponds to nine REGs Four QPSK
symbols are mapped to each REG
Four PDCCH Formats are supported as under
The number of CCEs are aggregated as per Channel Conditions one
CCE may be sufficient in good RF conditions while eight CCEs may
be required at Cell Edge

015 Samsung Electronics

11

DCI Formats
Different DCI Formats are used as per system deployment to
transmit only relevant information for example if MIMO is not used,
there is no need to signal parameters needed only for MIMO
transmission

015 Samsung Electronics

12

PSS and SSS Synchronization

Signals

015 Samsung Electronics

13

PBCH

015 Samsung Electronics

14

Example of Overheads - TDD

Example of Percentage Overhead for LTE TDD uplink over a 10 ms
radio frame for a 10 MHz system bandwidth

015 Samsung Electronics

15

Up Link Reference Signals

De Modulation RS (DM RS) associated with PUSCH and / or PUCCH
used for channel estimation for coherent detection
Sounding RS SRS not associated with uplink data or control and
primarily used for channel quality determination to enable frequency
selective scheduling on the uplink
The DMRS occupy the same RB as PUSCH / PUCCH
The SRS are transmitted on the last SC FDMA symbol in the
configured sub frame
The SRS and DM RS are located in different SC FDMA symbols
PUSCH data transmission is not permitted on the SC FDMA symbol
designated for SRS
The eNB may either request an individual SRS transmission from a
UE or configure a UE to transmit SRS periodically
If periodic SRS transmission are configured for a UE, the periodicity
may be 2,5,10,20,40,80,160 or 320 ms

015 Samsung Electronics

16

PUSCH DMRS Demodulation

Reference
Signals

The DMRS are provided for channel estimation

The DMRS occupies the fourth SC FDMA symbol for normal CP

The DMRS occupies the third SC FDMA symbol in case of extended
CP

SRS Sounding Reference Signals

015 Samsung Electronics

17

PUCCH

015 Samsung Electronics

18

RACH

015 Samsung Electronics

19

RACH

015 Samsung Electronics

20

SRS Bandwidth (for 40-60 RBs)

015 Samsung Electronics

21

Capacity Dimensioning
Example to convert cell throughput values into maximum number of
broadband subscribers
Traffic Volume Based Approach - estimates the maximum traffic
volume in Giga Bytes that can be carried by LTE 20 MHz with given
spectral efficiency and 2x2 MIMO
Data Rate Based Approach the Busy Hour Loading is assumed to
carry 15% of the daily traffic and Busy Hour Average Loading is 50%.

015 Samsung Electronics

22

Subscribers Per Site

015 Samsung Electronics

= 8*1024

=35 Mbps*50% /
(1/20)*3
=[35
Mbps/8192*3600*50%
/15%*30*3]/5

23

Special Sub frame & UL-DL

Configurations

015 Samsung Electronics

24

TBS Vs MCS Vs RBs

015 Samsung Electronics

25

Transport Block Size (TBS)

CFI
RB num
RE num per ms
RE num per
second
TB Size in Bits
Per ms : 84
OFDM Symbols
x 2 = 168
Symbols
CRS : 4 per RB
per Antenna
Port which
means 8 per
Antenna Port
per Time Slot
or 16 per ms

Control
Symbols = 12
containing four
RS positions
Data OFDM
Symbols =
168-16-(12-4)
=144
015
Samsung Electronics

MCS = 28 (TBS 26)

1
2
3
100
100
100
144
132
120
1200
14400
13200
0
7537
75376
75376
6

MCS = 27 (TBS 25)

1
2
3
100
100
100
144
132
120
1440
1320
1200
0
0
0
6377
6377
6377
6
6
6

CFI=2
Control OFDM
Symbols = 24
Data OFDM
Symbols =
168-16-(24-4)
= 132

MCS = 26 (TBS 24)

1
2
3
100
100
100
144
132
120
1440
1320
1200
0
0
0
6166
6166
6166
4
4
4

CFI=3
Control OFDM
Symbols = 36
Data OFDM
Symbols =
168-16-(36-4)
= 120

Code Rate =( TB Size ) / (Total TTI

Bits)

26

Code Rate
Code Rate is defined as the number of downlink information bits
including CRC bits divided by the number of Physical Channel Bits on
the PDSCH

015 Samsung Electronics

27

Code Rate

015 Samsung Electronics

28

TDD Throughputs Configuration 27

config2& normal
CP
data bit per TTI
(64QAM)

1msec

1msec

1msec

1msec

1msec

1msec

1msec

1msec

1msec

1msec

sub #0

sub #1

sub
#2

sub
#3

sub
#4

sub
#5

sub
#7

sub
#8

sub
#9

DL

special

UL

DL

DL

DL

sub
#6
speci
al

UL

DL

DL

75376

53862

75376

75376

75376

53862

75376

75376

MCS28, MAX Tput (TM2)

MCS28, MAX Tput (TM3)

config2& normal
CP
data bit per TTI
(64QAM)

55998086.7
111996173

10 msec

=75376*21952/
(21952+4384+4384)

559981

1msec

1msec

1msec

1msec

1msec

1msec

1msec

1msec

1msec

1msec

sub #0

sub #1

sub
#2

sub
#3

sub
#4

sub
#5

sub
#7

sub
#8

sub
#9

DL

special

UL

DL

DL

DL

sub
#6
specia
l

UL

DL

DL

63776

45573

63776

63776

63776

45573

63776

63776

MCS27, MAX Tput (TM2)

MCS27, MAX Tput (TM3)

015 Samsung Electronics

56.00 M
112.00 M

47.38 M
94.76 M

47380253.3
94760506.7

10 msec

473803

=63776*21952/
(21952+4384+4384)
29

Modulation Order and Transport

Block Size

015 Samsung Electronics

30

Computation
DL TP calculation
Calculation Procedure for downlink(PDSCH) is as follows :
i) refer to TS36.213 Table 7.1.7.1-1
ii) get I_TBS for using MCS value (ex, I_TBS is 26 if MCS is 28)
iii) refer to TS36.213 Table7.1.7.2.1
iv) go to column header indicating the number of RB
v) go to row header 26 which is I_TBS
vi) you would get 75376 (if the number of RB is 100 and I_TBS is 26) thus
throughput in FDD would be 75 Mbps
vii) (This is Transfer Block Size per 1 ms(1 sub frame) for one Antenna)
This when converted into TDD 7-2 configuration gives around 56 Mbps
If we use 2 antenna (TM mode 3 or 4), it is 149776 * 1000 ms = ~ 149.77
Mbps this when converted into TDD 7-2 configuration gives us around 112
Mbps
The throughput in FDD would be around 150 Mbps

015 Samsung Electronics

MCS
Index
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

Modulatio TBS Index

n Order
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
2
5
2
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
4
9
4
10
4
11
4
12
4
13
4
14
4
15
6
15
6
16
6
17
6
18
6
19
6
20
6
21
6
22
6
23
6
24
6
25
6
26
2
4
6
reserved
31

Down Link Throughput for 7-2

MCS Index

TBS Index

One
layerTransport
block size @
RB100

0
1

2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 21, 1, 2 0
1

2792
3624

4584

5736

7224

8760

10296

12216

14112

15840

10

15840

11

10

17568

12

11

19848

13

12

22920

14

13

25456

15

14

28336

16

15

30576

17

15

30576

18

16

32856

19

17

36696

20

18

39232

21

19

43816

22

20

46888

23

21

51024

24

22

55056

25

23

57336

26

24

61664

27
25
28
26
015 Samsung Electronics

63776
75376

Two
layerTransport
block size @
RB100

5544
7224
9144
11448
14688
17568
20616
24496
28336
31704
31704
35160
39232
45352
51024
57336
61664
61664
66592
73712
78704
87936
93800
101840
110136
115040
124464
128496
149776

Downlink
subframe
600TTI/S

Downlink sub
frame
200TTI/S*0.75

600
600

150
150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600

150

600
600

150
150

TM mode 3
Throughput[bit/s]

4,158,000
5,418,000
6,858,000
8,586,000
11,016,000
13,176,000
15,462,000
18,372,000
21,252,000
23,778,000
23,778,000
26,370,000
29,424,000
34,014,000
38,268,000
43,002,000
46,248,000
46,248,000
49,944,000
55,284,000
59,028,000
65,952,000
70,350,000
76,380,000
82,602,000
86,280,000
93,348,000
96,372,000
112,332,000

TM mode 2
Throughput[bit/s]

2,094,000
2,718,000
3,438,000
4,302,000
5,418,000
6,570,000
7,722,000
9,162,000
10,584,000
11,880,000
11,880,000
13,176,000
14,886,000
17,190,000
19,092,000
21,252,000
22,932,000
22,932,000
24,642,000
27,522,000
29,424,000
32,862,000
35,166,000
38,268,000
41,292,000
43,002,000
46,248,000
47,832,000
56,532,000

32

One Layer to Two Layer TBS

Translation

015 Samsung Electronics

33

015 Samsung Electronics

34

Backhaul Dimensioning
Bandwidth

Peak DL Sector Throughput

ATP11B Pass Criteria

Average DL Sector
Throughput

20MHz TDD

100 Mbps

50 Mbps

16.5 Mbps

5MHz FDD

30 Mbps

20 Mbps

5,5 Mbps

Channel Card No.

Bandwidth and Carrier

Backhaul Dimensioning

20MHz @ 2300MHz TDD

200 Mbps (one carrier)

5MHz+5MHz @ 1800MHz FDD

120 Mbps (two carriers)

5MHz+5MHz @ 850MHz FDD

120 Mbps (two carriers)

Total

440 Mbps

1. Contention Ratio taken as 3/2 = 1.5 for three sectors i.e. 200 Mbps
for three sectors with 100 Mbps peak in each sector
2. The above is based on Rank Index as 2 and should hold adequate as
Rank Index 4 devices with higher contention ratio.
3. For single carrier in Band 3 and Band 5, the backhaul requirements
would come as 320 Mbps

015 Samsung Electronics

35

Copyright and Confidentiality

Copyright 2015, SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. SAMSUNG Electronics reserves the right to make
changes to the specifications of the products detailed in this document at any time without notice and
obligation to notify any person of such changes. Information in this document is proprietary to SAMSUNG
Electronics Co., Ltd. No information contained here may be copied, translated, transcribed or duplicated
by any form without the prior written consent of SAMSUNG Electronics.