THE BIRTH OF A

FILIPINO NATIONAL
CONSCIOUSNESS
CIRILO GAZZINGAN, III BSCE - II
SAINT PAUL UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES

NATIONALISM
WHAT IS NATIONALISM (NATIONAL
CONSCIOUSNESS)?

Nationalism (MerriamWebster)
Loyalty and devotion to a nation
A sense of national consciousness
exalting one nation above all
others and placing primary
emphasis on promotion of its
culture and interests as opposed to
those of other nations or
supranational groups

Philippine Revolts
these revolts failed because of
lack of communication and the
absence of national leadership

1.
CAUSES OF NATIONAL
CONSCIOUSNESS
WHAT ARE THEY?

I. The Spanish
Revolution of 1868

I. The Spanish Revolution

(1868)
The triumph of liberalism in
Spain against the autocratic rule
of Isabela II (1833-1869)
resounded across the seas to the
shores of her overseas colonies.

I. The Spanish Revolution

(1868)
The people in the Philippines
came to enjoy for the first time
the sweet taste of a liberal
regime

II. Opening of
Suez Canal

The Suez Canal

This canal is 103 miles long.

I. Opening of Suez Canal

The opening of Suez Canal
(1869) gave more opportunities
to the illustrados and elites to
travel and gain education in
different places in Europe.

II. Opening of Suez Canal

The opening of Suez Canal to
world shipping in 1869
stimulated Philippine progress.

II. Opening of Suez Canal

The transformation of the
Philippine economy into a raw
material market for Europe
unconsciously increased their
contact with the intellectual
tradition of the West

III. Spread of New

Ideas

III. Spread of New Ideas

Philippines was opened by Spain
to World Trade
Liberal ideas , contained books
and newspapers, were ideologies
of the American and French
Revolutions and the thoughts of
different philosophers such as:

III. Spread of New Ideas

MONTESQUIEU

- separation of powers

VOLTAIRE

- freedom of religion

LOCKE

- liberalism

JEFFERSON
- anti-slavery

III. Spread of New Ideas

Liberal ideas from Europe
filtered in when
Spain gradually
Principalia
Theexposed
PrincipalaPhil.
or noble
class was the ruling and
To international
usually
educated upper class in the towns of
commerce.
Philippines
The sonsSpanish
and daughters
of the
principalia were able to attain
education, thereupon giving then
exposure to libertarian ideas.

III. Spread of New Ideas

Liberal ideas from Europe
filtered in when Spain gradually
exposed Phil. To international
commerce.
The sons and daughters of the
principalia were able to attain
education, thereupon giving then
exposure to libertarian ideas.

III. Spread of New Ideas

Illustrados like Rizal, Del Pilar
and Jaena who
had their
Ilustrados
Theeducation
Ilustrados constituted
Filipino educated
in Europethe
obtained
classliberal
during the
Spanish
colonial
period in the late
ideas
on these
significant
century.
events in the19th
history
of the
world.

III. Spread of New Ideas

Ilustrados like Rizal, Del Pilar
and Jaena who had their
education in Europe obtained
liberal ideas on these significant
events in the history of the
world.

III. Spread of New Ideas

Sentiments against the
Principales - The masses had
been skeptical about local
aristocracy due to their
proportion and influence in the
society

IV. Racial Prejudice

against the Filipino
People

IV. Race Prejudice against the

Filipino Priests
Two kinds of priests served the
Catholic Church in the
Philippines. These were the
regulars and the seculars.

IV. Racial Prejudice against

the Filipino Priests
Conflict began when the bishops
insisted on visiting the parishes
that were being run by regular
priests. The regular priests
refused these visits, saying that
they were not under the bishops
jurisdiction. They threatened to
abandon their parishes if the
bishops persisted.

IV. Racial Prejudice against

the Filipino Priests
The regulars resented the move
because they considered the
Filipinos unfit for the priesthood.
Among other reasons they cited
the Filipinos brown skin, lack of
education, and inadequate
experience.

IV. Racial Prejudice against

the Filipino Priests
The controversy became more
intense when the Jesuits
returned to the Philippines. They
had been exiled from the country
because of certain policies of the
order that the Spanish
authorities did not like.

IV. Racial Prejudice against

the Filipino Priests
The issue soon took on a racial
slant. The Spaniards were clearly
favoring their own regular priest
over Filipino priests.

Racial Hirerarchy

Racial Hirerachy
Peninsulares Insulares
Spanish mestizos, Principalia
Chinese mestizos
Natives or
Indios

Peninsulares
They are the
highest class in
the Philippines,
entrusted with
the offices of high
rank.

Insulares
Insulares. They
are a rank below
thepeninsulares.
Theinsularesare
of European
descent but born
in the colonies of
Spain.

Insulares
insularesenjoy
various goverment
and church positions
but as economics
and power shifted,
they changed to
capitalist driven
entrepreneurs
owning large parcels
of lands.

Mestizo de Espanol
They are
offsprings of
Spanish people
interbreeding
with Filipinos.
Mestizo is a term
given to
individuals
inheriting foreign
ancestry.

Mestizo de Espanol
They may have
better relations
with the local
governors or with
the church as they
are favored more
compared to the
common man.

Mestizo de Sangley
A person of
Filipino or any
racial descent
marrying a
Chinese, the
result is children
that will be
calledmestizo de
sangley.

Mestizo de Sangley
artisans and petty
traders
allowed to lease
lands from friar
estates and
earned from it.

Natives or Indios
pure-blooded
Filipino People
lowest class in the
Philippine society
during Spanish
rule

Natives or Indios
considered as
slaves

IV. Racial Prejudice against

the Filipino People
Filipinos are considered as an
inferior race with limited
intelligence

V. Martyrdom of
GomBurZa

GomBurZa
Gomburza or GOMBURZA
refers to three Filipino
Catholic priests (Mariano
Gmez, Jos Burgos, and
Jacinto Zamora), who were
executed on 17 February
1872 at Luneta in
Bagumbayan

On January 20, 1872, two hundred Filipinos

employed at the Cavite arsenal staged a revolt
against the Spanish governments voiding of their
exemption from the payment of tributes. The
Cavite Mutiny led to the persecution of prominent
Filipinos; secular priests Mariano Gmez, Jos
Burgos, and Jacinto Zamorawho would then be
collectively named GomBurZawere tagged as the
masterminds of the uprising. The priests were
charged with treason and sedition by the Spanish
military tribunala ruling believed to be part of a
conspiracy to stifle the growing popularity of
Filipino secular priests and the threat they posed to
the Spanish clergy. The GomBurZa were publicly
executed, by garrote, on the early morning of
February 17, 1872 at Bagumbayan.

V. Martyrdom of GomBurZa
The Filipino people deeply resented
the execution of Fathers Gomez,
Burgos and Zamora.
They were acclaimed as the
executed priests as true martyrs of
their fatherland.

V. Martyrdom of GomBurZa
The execution of GOMBURZA
speed up the growth of Philippine
Nationalism, which ultimately
brought about Spains downfall.

V. Martyrdom of GomBurZa
The concept of nationhood
coincided with the development of
the concept of Filipinos.
Before, Filipinos would only refer to
the espaoles insulares. Later, it
included the mestizos de sangley
and the native elite who had
Hispanized themselves

V. Martyrdom of GomBurZa
Also the invention of printing press
helped the propagandist express
and show their thoughts and ideas
through newspaper. Because of this,
Filipino masses became more aware
on the events happening around
them.

V. Martyrdom of GomBurZa
The propagandists tried to infuse
Filipino with national meaning,
which later included the entire
people in the archipelago
Since then, Filipinos recognize the
importance of expressing their self,
their own nationality, and their
freedom.

Summary

Opening of Suez Canal

Stimulated the spread of
intellectual practices and
traditions from Europe

Race Prejudice against

the Filipino People

Filipinos are considered as an

inferior race with a limited
intellectual capabilities

Spread of New Ideas

The concept of liberalism

engaged the Filipinos to fight
for their rights and freedom

Martyrdom of
GomBurZa

Started the uprising of

Filipino Nationalism

The Spanish Revolution

of 1868
Start of a liberal regime

THE PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT

PROPAGANDA
What is PROPAGANDA?

Propaganda (MerriamWebster)
ideas or statements that are often
false or exaggerated and that are
spread in order to help a cause, a
political leader, a government, etc.

Propaganda
Movement
The emergence of
more Filipino
ilustrados gave
birth to a unifies
nationalist
movement.

Propaganda
Movement
The campaign was
known in our
history as the
Propaganda
Movement

Propaganda
Movement
Rizal, del Pilar and
Lopez Jaena are
considered to be
the pillars of the
Propaganda
Movement

Aim of Propaganda
Movement
to have a peaceful assimilation,
referring to the transition of the
Philippines from being a colony
to a province of Spain.

Graciano
Lopez Jaena
left the
Philippines for
Spain in 1880
after publishing
a satirical novel,
Fray Botod
(Father Fatso).

Graciano
Lopez Jaena
In 1889, he
started the
newspaper,
La
Solidaridad

Marcelo H.
Del Pilar
lawyer and
journalist
from the
town of
Bulacan

Marcelo H.
Del Pilar
became the
editor-inchief of the La
Solidaridad

Jose Rizal
His more
popular
works were
his two
novels Noli
Me Tangere
and El
Filibusterism
o

He annotated
the book,
Sucesos de
las Islas
Filipinas
which
showed that
Filipinos had
developed
culture even
before the
Spanish
occupation.

The Propaganda Movement

Many Filipino propagandists
turned into masons because they
needed the help of the masons in
Spain and in other countries in
their fight of reforms.
This organization is called
Freemasonry

La Liga Filipina

La Liga Filipina
Rizal wrote the constitution of
La Liga Filipina while living in
Hong Kong with the help of Jose
Ma Basa

Unus Instar Omnium

- La Liga

The objectives of La Liga

were:
the unification of the whole
archipelago into one compact,
vigorous, and homogeneous
body
protection in cases of want and
necessity
defense against violence and
injustice
study and implementation of
reforms

La Liga Filipina
On July 6, 1892, Rizal was
secretly arrested by order of
Governor Despujol and
subsequently imprisoned at Fort
Santiago.

La Liga Filipina
The following day, the governor
general ordered the deportation
of Rizal to Dapitan, Zamboanga
del Norte as punishment of his
allegedly submersive materials

End of the
Propaganda
Movement

The End of the Propaganda

Movement
Rizals arrest marked the crucial
period of the propagandists
La Liga Filipina collapsed
M.H. Del Pilar and Lopez Jaena
died in Barcelona (1896)

The Revolution Begins

The end of the propaganda

movement marked the beginning of
a revolution. The writings by the
Propaganda Movement inspired
Andres Bonifacio to establish the
Katipunan and set the Philippines'
revolution in place.

He who does not know how to look

back at what he came from will
never get to his destination.
- Jose Rizal

Good Afternoon!
Thank you for
listening