GSM / CDMA NETWORK &

BROADBAND – INDIA
ROADMAP

Rajinder
Kumar
Roll No. 17
Rajat Narang
Roll No. 16
HISTORY OF GSM
: Developed by Group Spéciale Mobile (founded 1982)
which was an initiative of CEPT
( Conference of European Post and
Telecommunication )

: Aim : to replace the incompatible analog system

: Presently the responsibility of GSM standardization

resides with special mobile group under ETSI
( European telecommunication Standards
Institute )

: Full set of specifications phase-I became available in

1990 . Under ETSI, GSM is named as “ Global System
for Mobile communication “
WHAT IS GSM
 The full form of GSM is Global system for Mobile
Communication. GSM is one of the most famous
working standards for mobile phones all over the
world.

 Over two billion people use the GSM services across

212 countries and territories in the world.

 The utility of GSM makes national and international

roaming very simple and easy between mobile phone
operators, which enable users to use their cell phone
in various parts of the world.
SERVICES RENDERED
 Call related services :
 Call Waiting
 Call Hold- Put a caller on hold to take another call
 Call Barring- All calls, outgoing calls, or incoming calls
 Call Forwarding- Calls can be sent to various numbers
defined by the user
 Multi Party Call Conferencing - Link multiple calls
together
 CLIP – Caller line identification presentation
 CLIR – Caller line identification restriction
 CUG – Closed user group
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF
CDMA
 CDMA (Code Division Multiple Assess) is first used in
military based communication technology used during
World War II by English allies to Stop German attempts
to decode transmissions

 A Company named Qualcomm created

communications chips and designs for CDMA
technology and later claimed patents on the
technology.

 Claude Shannon and Robert Pierce had provided

CDMA framework in 1949.
HOW CDMA WORKS
1.Frequency division multiple access (FDMA)
2.Time division multiple access (TDMA)
3.Code division multiple access (CDMA)

Thus CDMA is one access technology which cell

phones uses to transmit and receive data.. That is
FDMA puts each call on a separate frequency and
TDMA assigns each call a certain portion of time on a
designated frequency for the above mentioned
purpose. But CDMA gives a unique code to each call
and spreads it over the available frequencies. All these
are multiple access systems because more than one
user can use the specified At a Time
WCDMA
 W-CDMA (Wideband Code-Division Multiple
Access), an ITU standard derived from Code-
Division Multiple Access (CDMA), is officially
known as IMT-2000 direct spread. W-CDMA is
a third-generation (3G) mobile wireless
technology that promises much higher data
speeds to mobile and portable wireless
devices than commonly offered in today's
market.
CNTD…
 W-CDMA can support mobile/portable voice,
images, data, and video communications at
up to 2 Mbps (local area access) or 384 Kbps
(wide area access). The input signals are
digitized and transmitted in coded, spread-
spectrum mode over a broad range of
frequencies.
KEY FEATURES OF WCDMA
 Support of high data rate transmission: 384 Kbps
with wide area coverage, 2 Mbps with local
coverage.
 High service flexibility: support of multiple
parallel variable rate services on each
connection.
 Efficient packet access.

 Real time map showing vehicle position & key

metrics.
 Customized screen & window configurations

 Automatic data testing with FTP connection

 In building / campus navigation software

 Automatic dial / terminate with user defind times

& auto redial
PROJECTIONS : FIXED & MOBILE
Millions
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Fixed GSM CDMA
* Market Analysts' Estimates
10
 GSM SURPASSES CDMA IN NUMBER OF ADDITIONS TO
SUBSCRIBER BASE

Market Share* of Wireless Operators

(as of quarter ending March 2007)
GSM surpasses CDMA segment by a large
margin in terms of subscriber numbers.

CDMA, 27%
GSM, 73%

Bharti Airtel dominates the GSM segment with a

market share of approximately 31 percent for the Reliance Communications and TTSL
year ending March 2007, followed by BSNL with dominates the Indian CDMA mobile services
a share of approximately 23 percent subscribers. segment.

* In terms of Subscriber Base

Market Share GSM* Service Providers (as of Market Share* CDMA Service Providers (as of
quarter ending March 2007) quarter ending March 2007)

Reliance, 2.8% HFCL, 0.3%

Spice, 2.3% BPL, 0.9%
MTNL, 2.3%
Aircel, 4.6% TTSL, 35.9%
Bharti, 30.8% Reliance,
Idea, 11.6% 55.2%

Hutch, 22.0%
MTNL, 0.5%

BSNL, 22.8% BSNL, 8.0%

Syam Telilink,
0.2%

11
Various important regulations and laws have been passed in the
Indian telecom industry post-liberalisation era

Department of Telecommunication (DoT) is the main body formulating laws

and various regulations for the Indian telecom industry.

ILD services was

BSNL was Number portability
Independent opened to Intra-circle merger
established was proposed
Private players regulator, TRAI, competition guidelines were
by DoT Calling Party Pays
were allowed in was established (CPP) was
established Attempted to (pending)
Value Added Go-ahead to implemented boost Rural
Services the CDMA telephony
technology
1994 1999 2002 2005 2007
2003 2004
INDIA

1992 2000 Internet Unified Access 2006

1997
telephony Licensing
initiated (UASL) regime Broadband
was introduced policy 2004
National Decision on 3G
NTP-99 led to Reduction of was formulated
Telecom Policy FDI limit was services (awaited)
migration from high- licence fees Reference —targeting 20
(NTP) was increased from
cost fixed license Interconnect million
formulated 49 to 74 percent
fee to low-cost order was subscribers by
revenue sharing issued 2010
regime

12

ILD – International Long Distance

Major Players in different segments of Indian telecom industry

Basic Services Operators

MOBILE SERVICES GSM Services Operators
BSNL
Airtel
MTNL

Vodafone
Reliance

Idea
TTSL

Reliance

BSNL
Internet Services Operators

BSNL
CDMA Services Operators

MTNL Reliance

Reliance
TTSL
TTSL
BSNL

Airtel
13

MTNL – Mahanagar Telecom Nigam Ltd. TTSL – Tata Teleservices Ltd.

BSNL – Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.
WCDMA AD/DIS
 Advantages of WCDMA include:
 Increased cellular communications security.
 Simultaneous conversations.
 Smaller phones.
 Low power requirements and little cell-to-cell
coordination needed by operators.
 Extended reach - beneficial to rural users situated far
from cells.
 Disadvantages of WCDMA include:
 WCDMA is relatively new, and the network is not as
mature as GSM.
 WCDMA cannot offer international roaming, a large
GSM advantage.
 
GSM AD/DIS
 Advantages of GSM:
 GSM is already used worldwide with over millions of
subscribers.
 International roaming permits subscribers to use one
phone throughout Western Europe. CDMA will work in
Asia, but not France, Germany, the U.K. and other
popular European destinations.
 GSM is mature, having started in the mid-80s. This
maturity means a more stable network . CDMA is still
building its network.
 The availability of Subscriber Identity Modules, which
are smart cards that provide secure data encryption
give GSM advantages. 
  Disadvantages of GSM:
 Lack of access to burgeoning American market
 CONCLUSION
 In general I say both GSM and CDMA are frontier technologies and
both have good and bad qualities. And in the case of mobile handsets
the fact is that GSM handsets are very popular and many of the new
facilties are readily available in GSM phones with lesser price. The
reason is simple...nokia and motorola needs profit...and they will
invest more in GSM because GSM has 8 times more users than CDMA.

 GSM still holds the upper hand however. There's the numerical
advantage for one thing: 456 million GSM users versus CDMA's 82
million & WCDMA has its about 3 millions users
Thanks