Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
Different types
typesof
of dimensions
dimensions
33Different
One- Dimensional
A line
Only has length
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
Two- Dimensional
One surface
length and width
Three- Dimensional
more than one surface
length, width and height
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
Trigonometric Ratios
Ratios
Trigonometric
c
b
a
PythagorasTheorem
Theorem
Pythagoras
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
Plane
Not a
Plane
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
Vertical plane
Inclined plane
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
Vertical plane
Inclined plane
Activity 1
1.
Horizontal plane
ABFE
DHGC
B
H
G
. Inclined plane
BFGC
D
C
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
. Vertical plane
ABCD
EFGH
ADHE
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
Normal to a plane
Definition:
Normal to a plane is a perpendicular straight line
to the intersection of any lines on the plane.
X
Normal to a plane
S
R
Y
P
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
Activity 2
1.
Example:
Normal to the plane ADHE are
Answer:
AB, DC, EF and HG
B
H
G
D
C
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
Activity 2
(a) Normal to the plane CDHG are
E
AD and HE
No normal line
B
H
G
D
C
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
Orthogonal Projection
Definition:
Is a perpendicular projection of the object on a plane.
B
A
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
Orthogonal projection
of line AB on the plane
PQRS
Plane at bottom
Plane at top
Plane in front
REMEMBER THIS
Imagine
Screen=PLANE
Object=LINE
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
Activity 3
Find the orthogonal projection of a given line on a
specific plane given.
1.
C
B
S
P
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
Line
Plane
Orthogonal
Projection
a)
AC
ADSP
AD
b)
BD
DCRS
CD
c)
AR
PQRS
PR
d)
PC
ABCD
AC
e)
QC
DCRS
RC
f)
DQ
PQRS
SQ
S
A
P
BC is normal to the
plane PQRS
C
Q
Orthogonal projection
of line AB on the plane
PQRS is line AC
Angle between the line AB and the plane PQRS is the angle form between
the line AB and the orthogonal projection on the plane.
ANSWER: B A
C
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
__ __
__
Point
NOT TOUCH
on plane
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
Point
TOUCH
on plane
NORMAL
of not touch
point on plane
S
A
P
C
Q
__
B __
A __
C
NOT TOUCH
TOUCH
NORMAL
Activity 4
S
NOT
TOUCH
TOUCH
NORMAL
Answers
A
R
__ B
__ C
__
D
S
__ A
__ __
D
A
__ R
__ __
Q
B
__ S
__ __
Activity 5
Identify the angle of the line and the plane given.
1.
C
B
S
P
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
Line
Plane
Angle
a)
AC
ADSP
CAD
b)
BD
DCRS
BDC
c)
AR
PQRS
ARP
d)
PC
ABCD
PCA
e)
QC
DCRS
QCR
f)
DQ
PQRS
DQS
Example11
Example
S
P
P
3cm
4 cm
4 cm
3 cm
A
P __
B __
__
Not
Touch
Touch
Normal
of P
Example22
Example
D
S __
B __
__
Not
Touch
Touch
Normal
of S
B
S
cos SBD =
19 cm
SBD =cos -1
SBD= 4650
13 cm
Example33(SPM
(SPM2006
2006PAPER
PAPER2)
2)
Example
T
U
9 cm
P 5 cm Q
R
m
12 c
U
__ R
__ P
__
Calculate
angle
U
9 cm
P
Identify angle
tan URP=
13 cm
URP = tan -1
URP= 3442
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
Example4(SPM
4(SPM2008
2008PAPER
PAPER2)
2)
Example
E
D
A
(a)
C
8cm
B
MAE= sin -1
4cm
M
15 cm
H
A
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
M__A__E__
MAE= 1528
Name angle
Example55(SPM
(SPM2007
2007PAPER
PAPER2)
2)
Example
T
U
S
5 cm
V
__ U
__ S
__
cm
V
16
P
12 c
m
Calculate
angle
Q
S
13 cm
8cm
tan VUS=
VUS= tan -1
V
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
Identify angle
VUS= 3136
__
D __
C __
E OR A__B__F__
E
D
D
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
F __
B __
A
__
D
F
D
A
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
A __
B __
F
__
C
F
C
A
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
__
E __
F __
G
E
D
D
A
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
E
G
plane SRWT.
Q
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
P __
T __
S
__
OR
Q __
W __
R
__
Q __
T __
S
__
S
Q
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
U __
T __
V
__
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
V __
M __
N
__
N
P
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
M
Q
Mark
13 cm
21 cm
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
13 cm
19 cm
tan BCD =
BCD=tan -1
BCD= 3423
__ T
__ Q
__
(b) T
tan RTQ=
18 cm
Q
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
[3 marks]
Answer :
(a)
R
RTQ=tan -1
12 cm
R RTQ= 3341
F
J
8 cm
C
6 cm
10 cm
B
__ B
__ A
__
(b)
tan JBA=
JBA= tan -1
4 cm
A
MATHEMATICS FORM 4
10 cm
JBA= 2148
Example (PAPER 2)
Diagram shows a right pyramid. V is the vertex of the pyramid and the base PQRS is
a horizontal square. M and N is the midpoint of QR and PS. The height of the pyramid
is 11 cm.
V
Identify and calculate the angle between
the plane VQR and the base PQRS.
[3 marks]
U
V M
N
__
__ __
N
P
10 cm
V
tan VMX=
M
Q
VMX=tan -1
11 cm
X 5 cm
VMX= 6533