BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)

Man and Environment

Asst. Dr. Nantana
Gajaseni
<gnantana@chula.ac.th>

What is environment?
Q. What is environment?
A. It depends!

Q. Depends on what?
A. Depends on "Environment
of whom?"

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Q. How about
environment of human?

A.Wait and see!

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Q. Who is "human"?
A. Wait until the next section!

Q. Is human a living object?

A. ?

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The human animal

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Q 1. What is living object?

Q 2. What are differences

between living and non-living
objects?

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A. From biological perspective:

Life = biosystems organized by

interactions between biological
components interacting with physical
environments, and become a unified
whole with capacity to maintain
homeostasis and self-perpetuation

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Sign of life

1. Highly complex organization =

all other characteristics of life
emerge from an organisms
complex organization

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2. Self-homeostasis =
Self-maintenance of a
steady-state internal
environment in the
variations of external
environment.

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3. Self-perpetuation
= Life comes only from life.

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4. Growth and development =

the increment of volume and
changes in structure and
functions to suit with new
form of life

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Insert larva picture

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5. Interactions = Life needs

energy and matter utilization
for maintenance of life

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6. Adaptation = Life evolve as a

result of the interaction
between organisms and their
environments

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7. Response = Life adjusts

itself to the environment.

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From biological perspective,

these are biological
spectrum
Biotic components

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Gene

Cell
biotic
component

Org
an

Commu
Populati
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nities
ons

Organis
m
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Biotic components cannot

survive in isolation.
They must interact with physical
or a biotic environments.

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Generalized diagram of inputs, throughputs,

and outputs in a system
System Throughputs (flows)
System Inputs
System Outputs

Information

Useless
information

Energy

Waste heat

Matter

Waste
matter
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Interaction between each biotic

level with physical environment
through energy, matter, and
information produces
characteristic functional system.
"Biosystem" or "life"
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Organizational hierarchy in nature

can be seen from "universe"
down to

"subatomic particles".

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Milky way

Universe
Galaxy

solar system

Solar system

Earth

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The natural world is organized,

diverse, dynamic, and yet
complex.

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Q. How can life be

seen in nature?
A. A hierarchy of
organization of matter.

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Fig 3-6

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Then, there is hierarchy

of biosystems.

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Q. What is the determinant of

life?
A. Environment by
evolutionary processes.

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Fig 20

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Q. How did life emerge on the

Earth?

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Fig 8-11
(21)
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Chemical
evolution
1 billion
years

Biological
evolution
3.7 billion
years

Transparenc
y 78

Fig 6-5 summary of the evolution of

the earth and its life.
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Q. Is human a hierarchy of
organization of matter?

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Q. What is the difference of

interaction between man and
environment and interaction
between other organisms and e
nvironment?

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A. Organisms adapt themselves

to the environments.

While
Human modify environments to
suit themselves .

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Human environment
2 groups

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1. Natural environment:
4 spheres

1.1 Biosphere = Space occupied by life

1.2 Atmosphere = Space occupied by air

1.3 Lithosphere = Space occupied by solid

1.4 Hydrosphere = Space occupied by

water

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How do the 4 spheres really

exist?

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Atmosphere

Ecosphere
Biosphere

Hydrosphere

Lithosphere
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2. Man-made environment

2.1 Anthropogenic ecosystems

2.2 Physical structures

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What are the Functions of

Natural Environment?

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